Ionic liquids (ILs) with improved hydrogen-bonding acceptor abilities, such as acetate-based compounds, have shown great potential for CO 2 capture and biomass dissolution. In this context, the knowledge of the thermophysical properties of acetate-based fluids is essential for the design and scale-up of related processes. However, at this stage, acetate-based ILs are still poorly characterized. In this work, four thermophysical properties, specifically, density, viscosity, refractive index, and surface tension, were determined for five acetate-based ILs. Both protic and aprotic ILs were investigated, namely, N,N-dimethyl-N-ethylammonium acetate, 1-ethylimidazolium acetate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium acetate. From the temperature dependence of the measured properties, additional properties, such as the isobaric thermal expansion coefficient, the surface entropy and enthalpy, and the critical temperature, were further estimated.
■ INTRODUCTIONDuring the past decade research has emerged in various areas involving ionic liquids (ILs), and their potential applications are nowadays widespread. Ionic liquids are a group of molten salts normally composed of inorganic or organic anions, and relatively large organic cations, which do not easily form an ordered crystal and, therefore, they remain liquid at or near room temperature. 1−3 Recently, certain classes of ILs with improved hydrogenbonding acceptor capability, such as acetate-based fluids, have shown to be promising solvents for CO 2 capture 4−7 and cellulose and/or biomass dissolution. 8−11 Acetate-based fluids are able to strongly coordinate with CO 2 and hydrogen bond donator groups, such as −OH groups, and favorable results have thus been published. Moreover, acetate-based ILs present low toxicity, low corrosiveness, and favorable biodegradability. 12 Despite their undeniable interest, the thermophysical properties of acetate-based fluids are still poorly characterized. In a previous work we have determined the densities and viscosities of a series of imidazolium-based ILs which have shown potential for the dissolution of biomass. 13 Fendt et al. 14 presented the viscosities of acetate-based ILs and some of their mixtures with water and organic solvents. Qian et al. 15 explored the densities and viscosities of the protic IL 1-methylimidazolium acetate and its binary mixtures with alcohols. Additional scarce reports have addressed the measurements of densities, 16−18 viscosities, 19 refractive index, 16,20 and surface tension 18 of aprotic acetate-based ILs.In this work, the thermophysical properties of acetate-based ILs, specifically density, viscosity, refractive index, and surface tension, were measured as a function of temperature. The ILs are formed by the common anion acetate, combined either with protic (N,N-dimethyl-N-ethylammonium and 1-ethylimidazolium) or aprotic cations (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolydinium). Additio...