Structure and dielectric properties of (1-x)Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO_3–xBaTiO₃piezoceramics prepared using hydrothermally synthesized powders

Abstract

The influence of different processing parameters and various Ba 2+ addition (up to 10 mol%) on the structure and dielectric properties of Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 -BaTiO 3 (BNT-BT) ceramics was investigated. The powders were hydrothermally synthesized in the alkaline environment at 180°C for different time periods. X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of dominant rhombohedral Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 phase and a small amount of secondary pyrochlore Bi 2 Ti 2 O 7 phase in the pure BNT powders. In addition, one-dimensional Na 2 Ti 2 O 7 structure was also observed in the powder hydrothermally treated for a long time (i.e. 48 h). The amount of secondary pyrochlore phase in the BNT-BT powders increases with the increase of Ba 2+ content. The synthesized powders were pressed into pellets and finally sintered at various temperatures up to 1150°C. High density (more than 90%TD) was obtained in all BNT-BT sintered samples. Optimal sintering parameters were chosen in order to obtain dense ceramics with the optimal phase composition. The temperature dependence of dielectric properties for the BNT-BT ceramics was also studied. Relaxor behaviour of BNT-based ceramics and broad transition peaks are evident in all samples. Dielectric constant up to 400 as well as an acceptable low dielectric loss at temperatures lower than 200°C were obtained in BNT-BT ceramics.

Identifying the Opposite Shift Behavior between Depolarization and Relaxation in BNT-Based Ceramics

“…Since their discovery in 1960, Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 (BNT)–based materials have been widely studied because of the potential alternative for lead-based piezoelectric ceramics in the fields of sensors, actuators, transducers, energy harvesters, and so on. − As a kind of synthetic material with a perovskite (ABO 3 ) structure, the A-sites are simultaneously occupied by Bi 3+ and Na + cations in equal proportions. Thus, intricate phase transition could be induced with varying temperature owing to the charge difference between Bi 3+ and Na + cations, as well as the orbital hybridization of Bi–O bonds .…”