Structure and composition of the rodent lamina cribrosa

Morrison, John C.; Farrell, Susan; Johnson, Elaine C.; Deppmeier, Lisa; Moore, Cynthia; Grossmann, Emilie

doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(95)80002-6

Cited by 72 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Morphologically, a single oligodendrocyte has the ability to wrap its membranous processes around many axons. Each oligodendrocyte envelops between one and 30 axonal segments (called internodes), depending on the axon diameter 18) . From a molecular biological standpoint, oligodendrocytes possess various neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels [53][54] .…”

Section: Thick Clusters Of Astrocytic Filaments In the Distal (Anterimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemoarchitecture of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase in the rat optic nerve: An immunohistochemical study

Kawano

2015

Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn.

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Summary: An immunohistochemical analysis of the chemoarchitecture of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase (GS) was conducted in the rat optic nerve. The optic nerve has been divided into 3 regions: the intraretinal, unmyelinated, and myelinated regions. However, it currently remains unclear whether the chemoarchitecture of GFAP and GS is homogeneously organized, especially in the myelinated region. The intraretinal region was divided into intraretinal regions 1 (i1) and 2 (i2). GFAP immunoreactivity was very strong in the i2 and unmyelinated regions, and strong in the i1 region. GS immunoreactivity was moderate in the i1 and i2 regions, and weak in the unmyelinated region. The myelinated region was separated into myelinated regions 1 (m1) and 2 (m2). In the m1 region, GFAP immunoreactivity was strong and GS immunoreactivity was moderate; however, GFAP immunoreactivity was moderate and GS immunoreactivity was weak in the m2 region. Thus, the chemoarchitecture was heterogeneously organized in the myelinated region, with the i1, i2 and m1 regions being the main GS distribution sites. Moreover, most GS-immunoreactive glial cells were oligodendrocytes in the myelinated region. Since GS is a key enzyme in glutamate metabolism, these results may facilitate future investigations for a clearer understanding of glutamate metabolism.

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Section: Thick Clusters Of Astrocytic Filaments In the Distal (Anterimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optic nerve is composed of microglia 14) , blood vessels [15][16] , and an extracellular matrix [17][18] , as well as neuronal axons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. It is highly desirable to examine the chemoarchitecture of all these structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemoarchitecture of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase in the rat optic nerve: An immunohistochemical study

Kawano

2015

Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn.

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“…However, a rigid lamina cribrosa is not necessary to develop glaucoma. Rodents are susceptible to the disease, yet mice do not show staining for any collagen other than collagen 4 associated with blood vessels, and the ONH of rats contains only sparse collagenous septa (Morrison et al 1995;May and LutjenDrecoll 2002;Sun et al 2009). A commonality between ONH of humans and all other species, including rodents, is that this region contains an abundance of astrocytes that line the pores of the lamina cribrosa and ensheath the axons, or, in rodents, form glial tubes around axon bundles that visually resemble a lamina cribrosa so much that they are referred to as the "glial lamina" (Morcos and Chan-Ling 2000;Howell et al 2007;Sun et al 2009).…”

Section: Gene Expression In the Onh In Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Gene Expression in Glaucoma

Jakobs

2014

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

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In glaucoma, regardless of its etiology, retinal ganglion cells degenerate and eventually die. Although age and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) are the main risk factors, there are still many mysteries in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. The advent of genome-wide microarray expression screening together with the availability of animal models of the disease has allowed analysis of differential gene expression in all parts of the eye in glaucoma. This review will outline the findings of recent genome-wide expression studies and discuss their commonalities and differences. A common finding was the differential regulation of genes involved in inflammation and immunity, including the complement system and the cytokines transforming growth factor b (TGFb) and tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa). Other genes of interest have roles in the extracellular matrix, cell -matrix interactions and adhesion, the cell cycle, and the endothelin system.

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“…Currently, there are several different types of experimental animal models for glaucoma, including monkey, mice and rat [37][38][39][40] . By surgically or genetically elevating IOP, many of the structural, biochemical and functional hallmarks seen in the human condition can be induced, including disorganisation and compositional alterations in the optic nerve head, RGC death and visual deficit [41] .…”

Section: The Eye As a Model For Neurodegenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Ganglion Cell Death Postponed: Giving Apoptosis a Break?

Kisiswa

Dervan²,

Albon³

et al. 2009

Ophthalmic Res

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Glaucoma is characterised by the preferential death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). However, mammalian models indicate that neurons pass through a period in which they manifest signs of neuronal damage, but have yet to fully commit to death. Mounting evidence suggests that one of the clearest indications of this process is the reduction in RGC dendritic arborisation, resulting in functional compromise. The extent to which this may be reversible is unclear, since the molecular events that precede changes in dendritic structure have received little attention. Furthermore, there are likely to be many factors involved in this process potentially acting in different individual cells at different times. Recent work in Drosophila shows that dendritic reorganisation/remodelling involves local activation and tight regulation of caspase activity. Here, we propose a model in which the balance between caspases and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) contributes towards the regulation of dendritic remodelling. Thus, RGC dendrite reorganisation and cell death represent opposite ends of a spectrum of events regulated by apoptosis signalling pathways. We summarise relevant events in apoptosis, focusing on caspases and IAPs. We also discuss mechanisms of dendrite development, structure and reorganisation and the implications for early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma and neurodegenerative disease.

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Structure and composition of the rodent lamina cribrosa

Cited by 72 publications

References 29 publications

Chemoarchitecture of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase in the rat optic nerve: An immunohistochemical study

Chemoarchitecture of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase in the rat optic nerve: An immunohistochemical study

Differential Gene Expression in Glaucoma

Retinal Ganglion Cell Death Postponed: Giving Apoptosis a Break?

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