Structure and composition of canine urinary calculi

Infrared and Raman spectroscopy of urinary calculi: A review

“…However, they H 20x0y02z U.nH 2 O, where U is the urate ion, x / 2y / 2z Ӷ 1 and n Ӷ 2. In the case of canine stones, later reported the possible presence of a mixture of potassium and ammonium urates in the urate Escolar et al 52 found ammonium potassium and/ or potassium enriched ammonium urate and zone of calcium oxalate oolitic granules (milk of calcium). 49 In the case of dogs, Hesse et al 50 anaother complex urates in 8% of the cases studied.…”

“…Silica calstones has been increasing over the last two deculi appear normally as pure silica. However, cades 52,55,74 -82 and has been applied to calculi from Escolar et al 52 also found an external layer of various animal species. Here we refer particularly calcium phosphate covering a silica calculus.…”

“…Pure calcium oxalate calculi are not commonly found, 52 and as a general rule it can be said kidney stones or promote their growth. These authors emphasize the increasing importance of that this component is accompanied by apatitic calcium phosphate.…”

“…Later studies using infrared spectroscopy confirmed by scanning electron revealed the presence of potassium in many areas of the stones. 48 For this type of urate, the authors microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) of 171 specimens of canine and a few samproposed the general formula Na x K y H 20x0y -U.nH 2 O, where U is urate ion, x / y Ç 1 and n ples of cat urinary calculi 51,52 showed that the presence of nearly pure potassium urate in some zones of urate stones are more common in dogs and cats than in humans.…”

“…The most Among the products reported in the literature and readily identified by infrared spectroscopy are common urates are ammonium urate and sodium urate. Escolar et al 52 found that potassium was glafenine and its metabolites, [65][66][67] and urates in these stones. As described above, these urates have also been observed in human and others.…”