Structure and breakup properties of sprays

Faeth, G. M.; Hsiang, L. P.; Wu, Pei-Kuan

doi:10.1016/0301-9322(95)00059-7

Cited by 424 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Fluids 28, 063302 (2016) exist in empirical modeling, experimental measurements, and computational simulations of drop size and velocity distributions in various spray configurations (a small set of representative works can be found in Refs. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. More recent work Villermaux and co-workers (e.g., Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quadratic formula for determining the drop size in pressure-atomized sprays with and without swirl

Lee

2016

Physics of Fluids

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We use a theoretical framework based on the integral form of the conservation equations, along with a heuristic model of the viscous dissipation, to find a closed-form solution to the liquid atomization problem. The energy balance for the spray renders to a quadratic formula for the drop size as a function, primarily of the liquid velocity. The Sauter mean diameter found using the quadratic formula shows good agreements and physical trends, when compared with experimental observations. This approach is shown to be applicable toward specifying initial drop size in computational fluid dynamics of spray flows.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quadratic formula for determining the drop size in pressure-atomized sprays with and without swirl

Lee

2016

Physics of Fluids

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“…Faeth et al [11] have undertaken an extensive review of work relating to the structure of sprays and the spray breakup mechanisms. The following is a summary of their review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optical Characterization of Atomization in Non-Evaporating Diesel Sprays

Lockett

Jeshani

Makri

et al. 2016

SAE Technical Paper Series

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High-speed planar laser Mie scattering and Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) was employed for the determination of Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) distribution in non-evaporating diesel sprays. The effect of rail pressure, distillation profile, and consequent fuel viscosity on the drop size distribution developing during primary and secondary atomization was investigated.Samples of conventional crude-oil derived middle-distillate diesel and light distillate kerosene were delivered into an optically accessible mini-sac injector, using a customized high-pressure common rail diesel fuel injection system. Two optical channels were employed to capture images of elastic Mie and inelastic LIF scattering simultaneously on a high-speed video camera at 10 kHz.Results are presented for sprays obtained at maximum needle lift during the injection. These reveal that the emergent sprays exhibit axial asymmetry and vorticity. An increase in the rail pressure was observed to lead to finer atomization, with larger droplets observable in the neighbourhood of the central axis of the spray, decreasing with radius towards the spray boundaries. Finally, the light kerosene was observed to produce smaller droplets (as measured by Sauter mean diameter), relative to the conventional diesel, suggesting a correlation between distillation profile and viscosity, and mean spray droplet size.

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“…the energy flux of the two-phase fluid is solely that coming from the original input pressure. The droplets transfer kinetic energy to the initially static gas by drag forces [11,12] and they reach local dynamic equilibrium in such a way that both gas and liquid droplets move at the same speed v inside the jet [13]; this is also the main assumption under the wide class of "Locally Homogeneous Flows" (LHF) [14,15,16]. We assume that the latter process occurs so fast immediately outside the nozzle's exit that we may neglect the non-equilibrium zone near the nozzle.…”

Section: Conservation Of Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical models for turbulent round jets based on “ideal” and “lossy” conservation of mass and energy

Franco

Fukumoto

2017

Proceedings ILASS–Europe 2017. 28th Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems

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We propose mathematical models for turbulent round atomized liquid jets that describe its dynamics in a simple but comprehensive manner with the apex angle of the cone being the main disposable parameter. The basic assumptions are that (i) the jet is statistically stationary and that (ii) it can be approximated by a mixture of two fluids with the phases in local dynamic equilibrium, or so-called locally homogeneous flow (LHF). The models differ in their particular balance of explanatory capability and precision. To derive them we impose partial conservation of the initial mass and energy fluxes, introducing loss factors again as disposable parameters. Depending on each model, the equations admit explicit or implicit analytical solutions or a numerical solution in the discretized model case. The described variables are the the two-phase fluid's composite density and velocity, both as functions of the distance from the nozzle, from which the dynamic pressure is calculated. Keywords Mathematical Modeling, Two Phase Fluid, Locally Homogeneous Flow, Statistically Stationary State IntroductionThe range of applications involving atomizing liquid jets forming two-phase fluid flows is still large. The complexity of the atomizing process, involving numerous physical phenomena and many variables, ranging from the conditions inside the nozzle (or some generating source) to the interaction between the atomization process and the environment into which the jet is penetrating, all account for numerous challenges in physical and mathematical modeling. Notwithstanding, several such models have been attempted to describe different aspects of the jets in this regime. For example, differential equations for a fuel jet's tip penetration distance as a function of time [1, 2, 3]; models for the gas entrainment rate in a full-cone spray [4]; and a one-dimensional model for the induced air velocity in sprays [5]. None of these models is sufficient by itself as explained below. In this study we propose three original related 1D mathematical models, so-called "energy jet models", for the macroscopic dynamics of a turbulent round jet ensuing from a circular nozzle into a stagnant fluid. This kind of jets serves as a basis for many industrial processes in modern manufacturing industry [6]. An advantage of our models over other analytical 1D models is that the simplest case of the "ideal energy jet" has a single experimentally measurable parameter (the jet half-angle θ) while it maintains reasonable predictive power and gives theoretical understanding that allows it to analytically calculate other physical quantities of interest. Moreover, the herein reported other extended models class, the "lossy energy jet" models, apply an energy conservation approach with simple turbulence and energy dissipation models, resulting in increased accuracy. Compared to the present study, past models either lack a description of the density or liquid fraction of the spray, make unrealistic assumptions or introduce parameters unavailable experimentally...

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Structure and breakup properties of sprays

Cited by 424 publications

References 40 publications

Quadratic formula for determining the drop size in pressure-atomized sprays with and without swirl

Quadratic formula for determining the drop size in pressure-atomized sprays with and without swirl

An Optical Characterization of Atomization in Non-Evaporating Diesel Sprays

Mathematical models for turbulent round jets based on “ideal” and “lossy” conservation of mass and energy

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