Structure and biomass accumulation of natural mangrove forest at Gazi Bay, Kenya

Kairo, James G.; Githaiga, Michael N.; Kotut, Kiplagat; Kariuki, Francis

doi:10.13057/bonorowo/w100102

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…This in agreement with Yang et al (2014) who reported that vegetation type affects soil carbon storage. The variation in mangrove land cover was also observed by Daud et al (2022) in Zanzibar, Githaiga (2013) in Kenya, Dung et al (2016) in Can Gio (Vietnam) mangroves forest, which is consistent with global data (Jardine & Siikamaki, 2014). The differences in SOC stocks among forests can be explained by differences in density and aerial root type (Xiong et al, 2018).…”

Section: Soil Carbon In Function Of Locations and Mangrove Forests Typessupporting

confidence: 87%

National Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Inventories under Different Mangrove Forest Types in Gabon

Obame,

Musadji,

Beh

et al. 2024

OJF

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Gabonese's estuary is an important coastal mangrove setting and soil plays a key role in mangrove carbon storage in mangrove forests. However, the spatial variation in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage remain unclear. To address this gap, determining the SOC spatial variation in Gabonese's estuarine is essential for better understanding the global carbon cycle. The present study compared soil organic carbon between northern and southern sites in different mangrove forest, Rhizophora racemosa and Avicennia germinans. The results showed that the mean SOC stocks at 1 m depth were 256.28 ± 127.29 MgC ha −1 . Among the different regions, SOC in northern zone was significantly (p < 0.001) higher (232.45 ± 120.81 MgC ha −1 ) than that in the southern zone (143.19 ± 44 MgC ha −1 ). At all sites, SOC stocks were significantly higher in Rhizophora racemose (192.2 ± 114.17 MgC ha −1 ) than in Avicenia germinans (130.12 ± 161.16 MgC ha −1 ) (p < 0.001). The deeper layers contained higher SOC stocks (254.62 ± 128.09 MgC ha −1 ) than upper layers (55.42 ± 25.37 MgC ha −1 ). The study highlights that low deforestation rate have led to less CO 2 (705.3 Mg CO 2 e ha −1 -922.62 Mg CO 2 e ha −1

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Section: Soil Carbon In Function Of Locations and Mangrove Forests Typessupporting

confidence: 87%

National Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Inventories under Different Mangrove Forest Types in Gabon

Obame,

Musadji,

Beh

et al. 2024

OJF

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“…The seaward side is occupied by Sonneratia alba. This 4 is followed by Rhizophora mucronata -Bruguiera gymnorrhiza in the mid-zone and the Ceriops tagal, Avicennia marina and Lumnitzera racemose on the landward side [49].…”

Section: Mangroves In Gazi Baymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Historically, mangroves in Gazi bay have been exploited for wood and non-wood resources [49,50]. In the 1970s and 1980s industrial exploitation of mangrove wood for energy in Gazi left large contiguous blank areas, some of which have failed to regenerate naturally [41,51].…”

Section: History Of Mangrove Exploitation and Management Intervention...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reforestation program to rehabilitate degraded mangrove areas in Gazi was initiated in 1991 by the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI). In 1994 more than 200 000 different mangrove seedlings were planted [49] and by 2004, about 100 ha of the deforested areas had been replanted. In 2013, a joint management program involving communities, forest agency and donors was initiated through a carbon offset program, Mikoko Pamoja [52].…”

Section: History Of Mangrove Exploitation and Management Intervention...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nature - Based Solutions: Restoring Mangroves for Shoreline Protection and Other Ecosystem Services at Gazi Bay, Kenya

Kinya,

Kairo,

Nyoike

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Debates on climate change challenges around the world are moving in favour of nature-based solutions (NBS) as potential mitigation and adaptation options. Mangroves and associated blue carbon ecosystems are nature-based solutions against sea level rise and other coastal hazards. As such, protecting the existing mangrove forests and restoration of the degraded areas is integral in this aspect. However, conventional mangrove restoration approaches in high-energy areas result in poor performance due to the removal of seedlings by waves. Here, we assessed the efficacy of using modified Riley Encasement Methods in the restoration of eroding intertidal areas of Gazi Bay, Kenya. Vegetation and soil baseline data were collected in 49 square plots of 100m2; established along belt transects perpendicular to the waterline. The following mangrove vegetation data was collected; species composition, tree height (m), and stem diameter (cm); from which the importance value index (IV), basal area and standing density (stems/ha) were derived. Sediment cores were made in the center of each square plot for carbon and grain size analysis. Mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) planting adopted a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in which the planting area was divided into three blocks (A, B, C). Within each block, treatments (bamboo and different-sized PVC pipes) were randomly assigned locations. Results show that seedlings grown within PVC encasements had high survival and growth rates, surpassing bamboo and control groups. This implies that PVC pipes offer better protection from external factors. These findings are critical in highlighting potential enhancements for the effectiveness of PVC pipes in mangrove restoration. They also reinforce on the need to consider the incorporation of PVC encasements as an alternative mangrove restoration technique in high-energy locations.

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“…When 'blue carbon' appeared on the climate policy agenda in 2009, the 615 hectares of mangrove forest at Gazi Bay were arguably already the most thoroughly researched mangroves in Africa and among the most well researched on Earth (Huxham, 2011). This is because, from the early 1990s, in line with Kenya's aims to enhance the national forestry sector and coinciding with early experiments in forestry-based voluntary emissions offsetting by US-based firms, the KMFRI initiated trial mangrove plantations, and Gazi Bay was selected as a pilot area (Bellassen and Leguet, 2007;Kairo, 1995b;Watt, 2021). Members of mangrove-adjacent communities were encouraged to create plantations using native varieties (Rhizphora mucronata, Ceriops tagal, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Avicennia marina and Sonneratia alba) in areas that had been severely disturbed or deforested in the 1970s (Ingwall, 2005).…”

Section: Making the 'Blue Forest'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Frictitious commodities: Virtuality, virtue and value in the carbon economy of repair

Huff

2021

Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space

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What ‘nature’ is being commodified in carbon markets, and why does it matter? How are carbon commodities and ecologies of repair co-produced through carbon forestry? Are the Polanyian notions of ‘fictitious commodification’ and ‘embeddedness’ appropriate for thinking about carbon forestry and voluntary carbon market (VCM) offsets? This article addresses these questions and extends the critical understanding of conservation in the ‘repair mode’ through an analysis that delves deeply into the black box of value production in the VCM. Focusing on the interplay of ‘virtuality’ and ‘virtue’ in the production of one variety of so-called ‘boutique’ blue forest carbon offset, this analysis demonstrates the technical abstractions needed isolate ‘carbon’ and force it into the commodity form create slippages between concrete socio-natures and geographies of offsetting and the imagined natures and geographies of a market environmentalist model of the world. This politics facilitates a dual pathway of accumulation via the material extraction of nature to feed the expansion of industrial growth (the subject of Polanyi’s critique) and, in parallel, through feeding new growth markets for nature-based commodities such as the VCM. These markets promise to repair the damage caused by industrial growth, but can only ‘work’ in the abstract, virtual realm despite entanglement with underlying concrete ecologies of repair. Based on this analysis, this article argues that the widespread view of carbon offsets as ‘embedded’ Polanyian fictitious commodities is incomplete, based on an ontological fallacy that conflates the ways in which concrete and abstracted, virtual ‘natures’ are used to produce value in the contemporary restoration economy. This fallacy implicitly reifies the central fictions and contradictions of carbon markets and the market environmentalist model more broadly. Considering VCM carbon forestry in terms of ‘scale-making’ and ‘world-making’ projects, the article presents an alternative conceptualisation of VCM carbon offsets as intangible ‘frictitious’ commodities that inhabit a complicated and only provisionally stabilised commodity form.

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Structure and biomass accumulation of natural mangrove forest at Gazi Bay, Kenya

Cited by 3 publications

References 61 publications

National Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Inventories under Different Mangrove Forest Types in Gabon

National Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Inventories under Different Mangrove Forest Types in Gabon

Nature - Based Solutions: Restoring Mangroves for Shoreline Protection and Other Ecosystem Services at Gazi Bay, Kenya

Frictitious commodities: Virtuality, virtue and value in the carbon economy of repair

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