Structure and amount of genetic variation at minisatellite loci within the subspecies complex of Phoca vitulina (the harbour seal)

Kappe, A L; Bijlsma, Rob G.; OSTERHAUS, A D M E; Delden, W. van; Zande, Louis van de

doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6881570

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The misclassification of calls classified to neighboring nongenetically distinct populations provides further evidence for regionally distinctive vocalizations. These results are in general agreement with the findings of genetic structure of harbor seal populations at oceanic and regional levels ͑Lamont et Stanley et al, 1996;Kappe et al, 1997;Goodman, 1998;Burg et al, 1999͒. Since harbor seals are regionally philopatric on the scale of several hundred kilometers, mixing between populations is likely to be limited and genetic barriers between harbor seal populations appear to present a likely explanation for most of the observed vocal variation displayed in this species. Using the 1-SE rule ͓i.e., the smallest tree for which the cross-validated relative error rate is within one standard error of the minimum ͑De'ath and Fabricius, 2000͔͒ suggests that the appropriate descriptive tree was one with ten nodes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…1, All sites from which harbor seals were recorded, except those in California and Eastern Canada, form genetically discrete populations ͑Lamont et Stanley et al, 1996;Kappe et al, 1997;Goodman, 1998;Burg et al, 1999͒. Sites were arranged into groups and populations according to Stanley et al ͑1996͒ to allow direct comparison between vocal and genetic variation ͑Table II͒.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some observational data also exist suggesting that vocal dialects between adjacent colonies in Weddel seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, may provide evidence for vocal learning ͑Green and Burton, 1988; Morrice et al, 1994͒. However, to date, studies of geographical vocal variation in phocids have concentrated on sites that are several hundreds or thousands of kilometers apart ͑e.g., Cleator et al, 1989;Terhune, 1994;Thomas and Golladay, 1995͒. Harbor seals are the most widely distributed pinniped species, ranging from the eastern Baltic, westward across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans to southern Japan. The distribution of harbor seals is such that they are exposed to a wide range of varying environmental constraints and they are composed of several subspecies ͑Bigg, 1981; Lamont et al, 1996;Stanley et al, 1996;Kappe et al, 1997;Goodman, 1998;Burg et al, 1999͒. Although harbor seals are capable of long-distance movements ͑e.g., Thompson et al, 1989;Thompson, 1993;Ries et al, 1998͒, populations Van Parijs et al, 1997;Nicholsen, 2000͒.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Patterns in the vocalizations of male harbor seals

Parijs

Corkeron

Harvey

et al. 2003

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Comparative analyses of the roar vocalization of male harbor seals from ten sites throughout their distribution showed that vocal variation occurs at the oceanic, regional, population, and subpopulation level. Genetic barriers based on the physical distance between harbor seal populations present a likely explanation for some of the observed vocal variation. However, site-specific vocal variations were present between genetically mixed subpopulations in California. A tree-based classification analysis grouped Scottish populations together with eastern Pacific sites, rather than amongst Atlantic sites as would be expected if variation was based purely on genetics. Lastly, within the classification tree no individual vocal parameter was consistently responsible for consecutive splits between geographic sites. Combined, these factors suggest that site-specific variation influences the development of vocal structure in harbor seals and these factors may provide evidence for the occurrence of vocal dialects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns in the vocalizations of male harbor seals

Parijs

Corkeron

Harvey

et al. 2003

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…(1994) who, using minisatellite fingerprinting, also revealed high levels of variation in the root vole. Also, studies on the harbour seal Phoca vitulina demonstrated a complete absence of allozyme variation at 24 loci, but significant levels of variation at both minisatellite and microsatellite loci ( Kappe et al . 1995, 1997 ; Swart et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite analysis of population structure and genetic differentiation within and between populations of the root vole,Microtus oeconomusin the Netherlands

Zande

Apeldoorn²,

Blijdenstein

et al. 2000

Molecular Ecology

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Eight microsatellite markers for the root vole (Microtus oeconomus) were developed to assess the amount of genetic variation for nine Dutch root vole populations from four different regions, and to evaluate the degree of differentiation and isolation. All eight microsatellite loci were found to be highly variable with observed heterozygosity values ranging from 0.61 to 0.82. These values are similar to those observed for more distant populations from Norway, Finland and Germany. Therefore, the populations seem not particularly depauperate of genetic variation at the microsatellite level. Genetically, the Dutch populations were found to have diverged considerably. Pairwise comparisons of all populations studied revealed FST values significantly greater than zero for most comparisons. However, the magnitude of these values considerably depends on the compared population pair. The level of differentiation between local populations within Dutch regions is generally significantly lower than the differentiation between Dutch regions. The level of differentiation between Dutch regions, however, is not significantly different from that between populations of larger geographical distance. This implies that the regional Dutch populations are both isolated from each other and from other European populations. The observation that even local populations show low but significant genetic differentiation may be indicative for progressive isolation of these populations.

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“…Bandsharing coefficient was calculated by comparing fingerprints of similar intensity run in adjacent lanes (Fig. Covariance of overlapping similarities was estimated using all possible pairwise combinations sharing one individual (Kappe, Bijlsma et al, 1997). Within the range of 3-20 kb a total of 37 informative bands were resolved.…”

Section: Dna Fingerprinting Inbreeding and Genetic Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of population isolation on genetic variation and demography in Seychelles warblers: a field experiment

Komdeur

Kappe

Zande

1998

Animal Conservation

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Between 1959 and 1968 the entire world population of Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis) comprised only 26-29 individuals entirely confined to Cousin Island (26 ha). Through conservation actions the island population has reached a carrying capacity of ca 320 birds since 1982. The warbler population has significantly lower levels of genetic variation, as determined by multilocus DNA fingerprinting, compared with its mainland relative, the Australian warbler (Acrocephalus australis) and other outbred natural bird populations (mean band sharing coefficients are 0.50, 0.22 and 0.21, respectively), and has a very low annual reproductive rate of 0.28 yearlings per breeding pair. Therefore some degree of inbreeding may have occurred in this population.The relatively low level of genetic variation is not directly responsible for this low reproductive output since breeding pairs that were transferred to the islands of Aride (68 ha) and Cousine (29 ha) with similar vegetation and climate, but with higher year-round insect food abundance, had significantly higher fecundity and survival. In contrast, no difference in reproductive success was observed between incestuous breeding pairs and non-incestuous breeding pairs.In addition, annual production of yearlings by pairs on Aride was on average 44 times higher than that by the same pairs on Cousin before the transfer. Annual production of yearlings by pairs on Cousine, that were as inbred as those on Aride, was on average five times higher than that by the same pairs on Cousin before the transfer. Eight years after translocation, the Aride population had grown to over 1000 birds, and six years after translocation, the Cousine population had grown to 186 birds.The experiments, controlled for group size, breeding partner, breeder age and experience, showed that the differences in reproductive success by warblers on the three islands cannot be due to genetic differences because of similar band-sharing similarities, but seem entirely accounted for by differences in food supply. Although the amount of genetic variation in the Seychelles warblers is relatively low, the demographic parameters do not indicate apparent signs of inbreeding depression in these populations.

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Structure and amount of genetic variation at minisatellite loci within the subspecies complex of Phoca vitulina (the harbour seal)

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Patterns in the vocalizations of male harbor seals

Patterns in the vocalizations of male harbor seals

Microsatellite analysis of population structure and genetic differentiation within and between populations of the root vole,Microtus oeconomusin the Netherlands

Influence of population isolation on genetic variation and demography in Seychelles warblers: a field experiment

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