Structure and Activity of Ni2P/Desilicated Zeolite β Catalysts for Hydrocracking of Pyrolysis Fuel Oil into Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene

Abstract

The effects of desilication (DS) of the zeolite β on the hydrocracking of polycyclic aromatics were investigated using the Ni2P/β catalysts. The Ni2P/β catalysts were obtained by the temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) method, and the physical and chemical properties were examined by N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), 27Al magic angle spinning–nuclear magnetic resonance (27Al MAS NMR), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), isopropyl amine (IPA) and NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), CO uptake, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The catalytic activity was examined at 653 K and 6.0 MPa in a continuous fixed bed reactor for the hydrocracking (HCK) of model compounds of 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN) and phenanthrene or a real feedstock of pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO). Overall, the Ni2P/DS-β was observed as more active and stable in the hydrocracking of polycyclic aromatics than the Ni2P/β catalyst. In addition, the Ni2P/β suffered from the coke formation, while the Ni2P/DS-β maintained the catalytic stability, particularly in the presence of large polycyclic hydrocarbons in the feed.

Synthesis and Application of Zeolite Catalysts

“…The H + -exchanged zeolite exhibited superb catalytic performance for catalytic copyrolysis of cork oak with waste polymer, in which HBeta zeolite showed fast pyrolysis activity due to the strong acidity and the appropriate pore diameter [1]. It was also confirmed that the formation of hierarchically nanoporous structure in HBeta zeolite by desilication is useful for giving high catalytic activity in the hydrocracking of large aromatic hydrocarbons, which can be attributed to the good dispersion of Ni 2 P catalysts and efficient accessible acid sites [2]. The acidic zeolite with MFI framework having a hierarchically nanoporous membrane structure exhibited high surface area and good diffusivity, resulting in the high catalytic performance in n-dodecane cracking [3].…”

State of the Art and Perspectives of Hierarchical Zeolites: Practical Overview of Synthesis Methods and Use in Catalysis

“…[ 347 ] Similar mesoporogens with different alkyl chain‐lengths (e.g., TEAOH, TPAOH, TBAOH), were used by several research groups. [ 345,348–351 ] As such, Werner et al. [ 348 ] and Morgado Prates et al.…”

“…[ 348 ] These results were also obtained by the second group who obtained an improved crystallinity and thermal stability in the synthesis of hollow beta zeolite nanocrystals. [ 345 ] Tetrapropylammonium hydroxide/bromide (TPAOH, TPABr) was used by multiple groups, [ 349–351 ] as is the case for tetrabutylammonium hydroxide/bromide (TBAOH, TBABr) [ 352 ] and cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide/bromide (CTAOH, CTABr). [ 353–355 ] Although there is a subtle difference in structure, the overall outcome after use of these mesoporogens was similar.…”

Hierarchical Cs–Pollucite Nanozeolite Modified with Novel Organosilane as an Excellent Solid Base Catalyst for Claisen–Schmidt Condensation of Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone

“…Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicate microporous minerals and are considered widely used in many potential applications, such as adsorption, ion exchange, drug delivery, and catalysis [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. 2 of 16 In particular, Cs-pollucite is interesting because it has strong basic sites due to the presence of the alkali Cs + cation [10,11].…”