Structure-activity relationships for osteolathyrism: II. Effects of alkyl-substituted acid hydrazides

Schultz, T.W.; Ranney, T.S.

doi:10.1016/0300-483x(88)90243-0

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Malformation and mortality curves are quite close together for all three molecules, indicating a low teratogenic risk. For example, valeric acid hydrazide has an LC50 of 2,632 mg/L, which is in the same range as that of MCPA, and a TC50 of 12.8 mg/ L, which is in the same range of that of chlorocresol [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of the pesticide mcpa and its contaminants phenol and chlorocresol

Bernardini

Spinelli

Presutti

et al. 1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-The embryotoxicity of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), an extensively used herbicide, has been evaluated and compared to that of phenol and chlorocresol (two common contaminants) with a bioassay that makes use of embryos of the amphibian Xenopus. The MCPA-Na salt used in the bioassay was purified by crystallization and acid-base purification methods, and the concentrations of phenol and chlorocresol were checked by high-performance liquid chromotography. The relationship between the concentration of the tested molecule and the outcomes (i.e., mortality and malformations) was investigated using different models (probit, logit, and complementary log-log). The resulting LC50s for MCPA, chlorocresol, and phenol are 3,607, 13, and 178 mg/L, respectively; the resulting LC10s are 1,526, 6, and 32 mg/L. It is evident that the real MCPA toxicity can be masked by the presence of contaminants much more toxic than the molecule studied. Moreover, our results show that the three chemicals do not present a high teratogenic risk. Growth retardation shows that MCPA, chlorocresol, and phenol are effective at concentrations as low as 2,000, 2.5, and 25 mg/L, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of the pesticide mcpa and its contaminants phenol and chlorocresol

Bernardini

Spinelli

Presutti

et al. 1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Of these materials, E showed the least hazard. The use of FETAX in structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies has been well documented [18][19][20][21][22]. Most of the test materials used in the study produced similar malformations in Xenopus and the rat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Assessing the predictive validity of frog embryo teratogenesis assay?Xenopus (FETAX)

Fort¹,

Stover²,

Farmer

et al. 2000

Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen.

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“…It has been demonstrated that the molecular substructure H 2 N‐NH‐C(=O) is a necessary fragment for osteolathyrism induction [60]. The effect of molecular structure on the development of frog embryos was further studied for a series of eight alkyl‐substituted acid hydrazides [61] and eight thiosemicarbazides [62], and 10 benzoic acid hydrazides and alkyl carbazates [63]. Although insufficient data exist to confirm the supposition, it is highly probable that the same effects that were observed in this ecologically relevant species would also be found in human‐surrogate species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative structure‐activity relationships for human health effects: Commonalities with other endpoints

Cronin

Dearden

Walker

et al. 2003

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-This article describes the use of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) to predict toxicity endpoints for ecologically relevant and human-surrogate species. The interrelationships between the endpoints, and the possibilities of exploring the commonalities of chemical action from one species to another as well as from one endpoint to another, are evaluated. A number of toxic endpoints are discussed including mutagenicity and carcinogenicity; developmental toxicity (teratogenicity); acute toxicity; skin sensitization; skin, eye, and sensory irritation; and the modeling of membrane permeability. A number of electrophilic molecular substructures have been identified that are common to a number of toxicities. It is postulated that if such a substructure is observed in a molecule, it may exhibit a range of toxicities. Further, there appear to be relationships between the toxicity to ecologically relevant and human-surrogate species, which may allow for appreciation and possible extrapolation in both directions. Overall, however, QSARs are limited by the paucity of available toxicological data and information.

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Structure-activity relationships for osteolathyrism: II. Effects of alkyl-substituted acid hydrazides

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of the pesticide mcpa and its contaminants phenol and chlorocresol

Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of the pesticide mcpa and its contaminants phenol and chlorocresol

Assessing the predictive validity of frog embryo teratogenesis assay?Xenopus (FETAX)

Quantitative structure‐activity relationships for human health effects: Commonalities with other endpoints

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