Structure-activity relationships among mycotoxins

Betina, V.

doi:10.1016/0009-2797(89)90030-6

Cited by 55 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…In the glucose metabolism pathway, the expression of RGT2, SNF3 and REG2, which transmit the glucose depletion signal to hexose transporter (HXT), was induced. Gluconeogenesis-related genes were also detected in this study, but no characteristic changes in expression were observed, unlike the previous study of AFB 1 . In addition, the glyoxylate cycle gene, MDH2, was repressed by DON exposure ( Table 2).…”

Section: Disorders Of Dna Synthesis and Signal Regulation Genescontrasting

confidence: 90%

“…Table 1 shows the result of categorizing of functional genes; many of the detected genes listed were observed in several categories. Excluding the protein synthesis, the detection ratio between each cluster is roughly similar, although the detection numbers were smaller than that of the previous study about AFB 1 [20]. The genes that were categorized as protein synthesis were an especially small proportion of those counted in the AFB 1 study.…”

Section: Growth Inhibition and Gene Expression Changes Of Ptc1 Derivementioning

confidence: 57%

“…As DON is mainly found in cereals, it is a major worldwide concern. The structural characteristics of DON (unsaturated bond of C9-C10, epoxy ring of C12-C13, and hydroxyl substitution reaction) are responsible for its cytotoxic activity and protein synthesis inhibition [1]. DON binds with the 60S ribosomal protein at these sites [2] and C12-C13 ring-opening results in the disappearance of toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, acetylated DON increases its inhibition activity. Protein synthesis is influenced by the site of the hydroxyl group and the type of esterified acid [1]. As below 2 µg/ml of DON exposure induces cytotoxicity in fibroblasts and lymphocytes without producing abnormal synthesis and restoration of DNA, it is thought that the cytotoxicity is not attributable to DNA damage [3] [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gene expression profile of MAP kinase PTC1 mutant exposed to deoxynivalenol

忠宏

由美子

2011

CBIJ

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Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite that is generated by Fusarium species, which seriously affects both humans and livestock. Protein synthesis inhibition and ribotoxic stress, caused by induction of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, are thought to be responsible for the majority of DON toxicity. However, as DNA damage has also been reported, it is necessary to clarify all sources of toxicity. In this study, we conducted a DON exposure test using the PTC1 yeast mutant with disrupted MAPK-related genes, and observed gene expression changes using DNA microarray analysis. Our results indicated changes in the expression of genes associated with protein synthesis inhibition, as well as with DNA damage. At the same time, genes related to the synthesis of folic acid, a coenzyme in DNA synthesis, were inhibited. To complement the dysfunction of these genes, the growth media was supplemented with folic acid. As a result, the recovery of growth was confirmed, although it was a consistent effect and it did not reflect differences in susceptibility to DON toxicity.

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Section: Disorders Of Dna Synthesis and Signal Regulation Genescontrasting

confidence: 90%

Section: Growth Inhibition and Gene Expression Changes Of Ptc1 Derivementioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gene expression profile of MAP kinase PTC1 mutant exposed to deoxynivalenol

忠宏

由美子

2011

CBIJ

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“…From a chemical point of view, patulin is a highly reactive molecule with a marked preference for sulfhydryl (SH)-containing compounds such as cysteine or glutathione (GSH) (Fliege and Metzler, 1999). Adducts with reduced toxicity can be formed between the mycotoxin and these compounds (Betina, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patulin influences the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines by activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T cells through depletion of intracellular glutathione

Luft¹,

Oostingh²,

Gruijthuijsen³

et al. 2008

Environmental Toxicology

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Patulin is a mold toxin secreted mainly by fungi of the Penicillium species. Exposure generally results from consumption of moldy fruits and fruit products. Since recent studies identified mold exposure as a risk factor for allergic diseases, we examined the effects of patulin on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) prepared from buffy coats of healthy donors. Cells were stimulated with CD3-and CD28-specific antibodies in the presence or absence of patulin. Effects of patulin on PBMCs were evaluated by proliferation, viability assays, and cytokine ELISAs. The presence of 50 ng/mL patulin strongly decreased the amounts of several cytokines in the supernatant of stimulated PBMCs. This decrease in cytokine secretion was not due to cytotoxic effects of patulin. Moreover, the extent of the reduction of cytokine amounts was cytokine specific, affecting some (IL-4, IL-13, IFNc, and IL-10), but not others . We show that all effects could be abolished by adding thiol containing compounds. A depletion of intracellular GSH could be measured after incubation of cells with patulin. Taken together, our data indicate that patulin modulates the functional activation of PBMCs with respect to proliferation and cytokine secretion patterns by depletion of intracellular GSH. The depletion of intracellular glutathione may influence the balance between Th1 and Th2 cells and have implications for allergic diseases.

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