Structure-Activity Relationship of Some New Anti-Arrhythmic Phenytoin Derivatives

Abstract

The pharmacological activity of nine anti‐arrhythmic phenytoin derivatives was assessed in preventing chloroform‐induced arrhythmia. The compounds were tested in vitro on isolated heart of the rat. Four compounds were chosen as representative of the spatial characteristics of the studied group, and X‐ray structure analyses were carried out on them. Because the protonated form is present in physiological milieu, conformational analysis was performed on the protonated form of the four representatives and in addition on the compound showing the highest anti‐arrhythmic activity. It was found that substitution of the imidazolidinone ring of phenytoin at position 3 by a chain containing a tertiary amine nitrogen atom changes the affinity profile from inactivated (phenytoin‐like) to activated (quinidine‐like) cardiac sodium channels. The activity of the studied compounds relies on the presence of protonated tertiary nitrogen atom, at least one phenyl ring, and flexibility of the molecule, which enables the spacer to assume a desired length.

The Bucherer–Bergs Multicomponent Synthesis of Hydantoins—Excellence in Simplicity

“…Hydantoins may be regarded as cyclodehydrated hydantoic acids (α-ureido acids), and this is reflected in their properties because both these compounds are readily interconvertible. Several natural or synthetic hydantoins themselves or their conjugates with other molecules exhibit diverse biological and pharmacological activities in medicinal, such as antimicrobial [11][12][13][14][15], antiviral [16][17][18], antitumor [19][20][21][22], antiarrhythmic [23][24][25][26], anticonvulsant [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], antihypertensive [35], antidiabetic [36][37][38][39], and agrochemical, such as herbicidal and fungicidal [40][41][42][43][44][45], applications. The studies on the biological activities of hydantoins has made great progress during the last three decades, and hydantoin derivatives have been therapeutically applied or are in the stage of investigation (Figure 1).…”