Structure-Activity Relation of AMOR Sugar Molecule That Activates Pollen-Tubes for Ovular Guidance

Jiao, Jiao; Mizukami, Akane; Sankaranarayanan, Subramanian; Yamguchi, Junichiro; Itami, Kenichiro; Higashiyama, Tetsuya

doi:10.1104/pp.16.01655

Cited by 28 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AGPs belong to a large family of glycoproteins ubiquitously found in plants (20,21). Normally, AGPs are tethered to the outer leaflet of the PM by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor and may cross-link with some components of the cell wall (GPI-anchored AGPs) in plant cells (20,21). AGPs play crucial roles in cell growth, embryo patterning, reproductive development, postembryonic patterning, signal transduction, and pollen tube growth in plants (20,21).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arabinogalactan protein–rare earth element complexes activate plant endocytosis

Wang

Cheng

Yang

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Endocytosis is essential to all eukaryotes, but how cargoes are selected for internalization remains poorly characterized. Extracellular cargoes are thought to be selected by transmembrane receptors that bind intracellular adaptors proteins to initiate endocytosis. Here, we report a mechanism for clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) of extracellular lanthanum [La(III)] cargoes, which requires extracellular arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) that are anchored on the outer face of the plasma membrane. AGPs were colocalized with La(III) on the cell surface and in La(III)-induced endocytic vesicles inArabidopsisleaf cells. Superresolution imaging showed that La(III) triggered AGP movement across the plasma membrane. AGPs were then colocalized and physically associated with the μ subunit of the intracellular adaptor protein 2 (AP2) complexes. The AGP-AP2 interaction was independent of CME, whereas AGP’s internalization required CME and AP2. Moreover, we show that AGP-dependent endocytosis in the presence of La(III) also occurred in human cells. These findings indicate that extracellular AGPs act as conserved CME cargo receptors, thus challenging the current paradigm about endocytosis of extracellular cargoes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabinogalactan protein–rare earth element complexes activate plant endocytosis

Wang

Cheng

Yang

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Given that transitory starch stored along the style also is mobilized at anthesis, it most probably provides the backbones for the synthesis of the carbohydrate component of the AGP proteins, although this has not been proven directly. The sugar moiety of the AGPs triggers signaling responses that guide the pollen tube toward the ovule (Dresselhaus and Franklin-Tong, 2013;Jiao et al, 2017). Internalization of AGP carbohydrates by the pollen tube followed by carbohydrate relocation in the callus that pushes the nuclei forward in the direction of pollen tube growth also has been documented (Lee et al, 2009).…”

Section: Carbohydrate Partitioning and Metabolism In Floral Organsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Floral Metabolism of Sugars and Amino Acids: Implications for Pollinators’ Preferences and Seed and Fruit Set

2017

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Primary metabolism in flowers sustains a plenitude of physiological and ecological functions related to floral development and plant reproduction. Carbohydrates and amino acids provide energy and precursors for the reactions of floral secondary metabolism, such as the molecules for color and scent, and constitute an important resource of food for the pollinators. Recent discoveries have advanced our understanding of the cycles of carbohydrate hydrolysis and resynthesis that regulate pollen development, pollen tube growth, and pollination as well as the composition of nectar. Pathways of de novo amino acid biosynthesis have been described in flowers, and the proteins that regulate pollen tube guidance and ultimately control fertilization are being progressively characterized. Finally, a novel field of research is emerging that investigates the chemical modification of sugars and amino acids by colonizing microorganisms and how these affect the pollinators' preferences for flowers. In this Update article, we provide an overview of the new discoveries and future directions concerning the study of the primary metabolism of flowers.The chemistry of flowers is unique, as it sustains very diverse physiological functions such as flower development, the transition from flower to fruit, and the initial phases of seed set (O'Neill, 1997;Pélabon et al., 2015). In addition, floral metabolites fulfill relevant ecological roles, such as acting as signaling molecules in the chemical communication with animal pollinators (Borghi et al., 2017), providing protection against pests and colonizing microorganisms (Kessler and Baldwin, 2007;Nepi, 2014). Stunning displays of the metabolic resources of flowers are, for example, their colors and fragrance, which occur following the accumulation and emission of tinted and scented secondary metabolites, respectively (Grotewold, 2006;Tanaka et al., 2008;Khan and Giridhar, 2015). Perhaps less sensational, but equally as important, are the reactions of primary metabolism. Indeed, these sustain the physiology of flowers, provide the chemical precursors, and meet the energy demand of floral secondary metabolism (Muhlemann et al., 2014). Moreover, sugars and amino acids also serve as a nutritional reward for the pollinators that feed on nectar and pollen (Pacini et al., 2006;Heil, 2011;Roy et al., 2017). Therefore, knowing how primary metabolites are imported or de novo synthesized in flowers, and how they are secreted and catabolized, is at the heart of floral biology, being relevant to understand the physiology of plant reproduction and the role that flowers play in the ecosystem. In this article, we aim to provide an overview of floral central metabolism. How primary metabolism sustains flower development, and fruit and seed set, also will be addressed. Finally, given the considerable proportion of primary metabolites that are channeled into nectar, we will discuss the chemical composition of nectar, the modifications that arise from fermentation processes by colonizing yeasts and bacteria, an...

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“…The use of chemical synthesis is a powerful approach for studying structures that are important to the bioactivity of AMOR. The terminal sugar structure including the 4-O-methyl residue and gluconic acid with a b-glycosidic bond are critical, whereas the structure of the second sugar is not (Jiao et al, 2017). This suggests that chemical labeling of the second sugar in the active disaccharide AMOR for visualization and target identification is possible.…”

Section: Directional Growth Of the Pollen Tube Toward Attractant Peptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gametophytic Pollen Tube Guidance: Attractant Peptides, Gametic Controls, and Receptors

2016

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Structure-Activity Relation of AMOR Sugar Molecule That Activates Pollen-Tubes for Ovular Guidance

Cited by 28 publications

References 32 publications

Arabinogalactan protein–rare earth element complexes activate plant endocytosis

Arabinogalactan protein–rare earth element complexes activate plant endocytosis

Floral Metabolism of Sugars and Amino Acids: Implications for Pollinators’ Preferences and Seed and Fruit Set

Gametophytic Pollen Tube Guidance: Attractant Peptides, Gametic Controls, and Receptors

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