Structural ways to reduce the damage of planting potatoes bulbs when using a chain-spoon planting machine

Kazakov, S. S.; С, Казаков С.; ZHivaev, O. V; В, Живаев О.; Nikulin, A.V.; В, Никулин А.

doi:10.31992/0321-4443-2019-3-29-34

Traktory i sel hozmashiny

2019

DOI: 10.31992/0321-4443-2019-3-29-34

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Structural ways to reduce the damage of planting potatoes bulbs when using a chain-spoon planting machine

S. S. Kazakov

Казаков С. С²,

O. V ZHivaev

et al.

Abstract: Êîíñòðóêöèîííûå ïóòè ñíèaeåíèÿ ïîâðåaeäàåìîñòè êëóáíåé ïîñàäî÷íîãî êàðòîôåëÿ ïðè ðàáîòå öåïî÷íî-ëîaeå÷íîãî âûñàaeèâàþùåãî àïïàðàòà ISSN 0321-4443 Òðàêòîðû è ñåëüõîçìàøèíû, ¹ 3, 2019

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Research Results of the Improved Coulter Group of the Planter

Dorokhov,

Ponomarev,

Zernov

et al. 2023

Engineering Technologies and Systems

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Introduction. The article substantiates the design schemes of coulters and, in general, coulter groups of potato planters based on the morphological features of the potato plant, its requirements for growing conditions and ensuring the high-quality performance of the planting process. The purpose of the coulter groups is to form a bed for placing seed tubers with a loose soil layer of 5–8 cm and to cover seed tubers with loose soil to a certain depth. Aim of the Article. The study is aimed at developing technological scheme and substantiating constructive parameters of coulter groups of potato planters, which meet most requirements for the conditions of potato plant growing. Materials and Methods. A comparative analysis of force estimation of furrow-opening working bodies is carried out and qualitative indicators of technological process of planting are determined. There is developed an experimental design of coulter groups of potato planters with the system for automatic maintenance of the depth of potato planting by correcting the angle of coulter attack if there are the field relief irregularities. Results. Experimental studies optimized the parameters of a coulter suspension providing automatic maintenance of the depth of potato planting while detecting field micro-relief irregularities up to 20 cm deep within the initial requirements for potato planters. Discussion and Conclusion. The coulters with an individual floating suspension and an acute angle of entry into the soil most fully meet the requirements for the growing conditions of a potato plant. Automatic maintenance of the specified coulter travel depth within the initial requirements (±2 cm) with field micro- relief irregularities up to 200 mm is provided by a coulter group with a suspension aspect ratio of 150:200:400:400 cm.

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Research Results of the Improved Coulter Group of the Planter

Dorokhov,

Ponomarev,

Zernov

et al. 2023

Engineering Technologies and Systems

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Design Requirements Substantiation for an Automated Planting Unit for Potato Minitubers

2021

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The authors showed that the transition to the technology of virus-free minitubers mass production changed the machines requirements for planting original seed potatoes.(Research purpose) To develop a technological scheme and substantiate the design parameters of the planting apparatus of an automatic planter of potato minitubers.(Materials and methods) The development was based on an elevator-type planting apparatus. The authors decided to create a spoon design with the ability to grip and move into the guide casing one minituber in each spoon, eliminating the minitubers jumping from one spoon to another or pinching them when moving along the guiding casing to the furrow bottom. The diameters of the lower guide and upper drive rollers were theoretically substantiated in order to exclude the influence of the planting tubers sizes difference on the uniformity of their submitting into the furrow.(Results and discussion) The authors determined the minimum permissible elevator belt speed, which depended on the distance between the spoons on the elevator belt and the planting unit speed. The size of the upper driving reel diameter was justified from the condition that the spoon unfolded 180 degrees in at least 1.5 seconds, which ensured a tuber smooth transition to the back side of the spoon.(Conclusions) The authors developed a technological scheme of an automatic planting elevator type device for planting potato minitubers with a working speed of 6-9 kilometers per hour. It was found that the upper driving reel diameter was not less than 44 centimeters, and the lower guide roller diameter was not more than 12 centimeters. They showed that the double-sided design of scooping spoons with the possibility of installing replaceable bowls in them would ensure a high-quality planting of not only minitubers, but also subsequent reproductions of seed and ware potatoes with a tuber mass of 5-80 grams.

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Effect of electrophysical treatments on the storage life of potatoes and other vegetable crops

Dorokhov,

Sibirev,

Ponomarev

et al. 2024

S-h. maš. tehnol.

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To prevent the progression of various infectious diseases, seed and planting material must undergo treatment with ultraviolet (UV) radiation at an intensity of 10-15 kilojoules. This necessitates studying the impact of UV radiation on products as they move in a flow along a conveyor belt. (Research purpose) The study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using ultraviolet radiation to improve the storage indicators of potato and other vegetable crops. It also assesses the technological parameters in both laboratory and production settings to ensure a reduction in contamination. (Materials and methods) To determine the optimal technological parameters of a machine for processing vegetable crops and potatoes before storage in the post-harvest processing system, an experimental installation was created and the electrophysical effects on storage quality indicators were examined. For the study, the most common vegetable crop varieties were selected, in particular, Lady Rosetta potato, Vitaminnaya-6 table carrot and Bordeaux 237 table beet. These crops are cultivated under various soil and climatic conditions across the Russian Federation. (Results and discussion) A methodology has been developed to assess the quality of seed material after the storage period, including the justification for the time interval, air mixture temperature parameters and ultraviolet radiation optical modes. The optimal parameters for processing potato tubers, carrots, and beets have been determined. The study examined the impact of ultraviolet exposure with established parameters on the disease development in carrot and beet crops, caused by the studied phytopathogenic microorganisms at temperatures of 2 and 25 degrees Celsius. (Conclusions) The indicators of the spread and development of infectious diseases in the studied vegetable crops show a decline trend when the translational speed of root crop movement is 0.7 meters per second, the interaxial distance between ultraviolet radiation sources is 0.1 meters, the distance from the sources to the roller surface of the conveyor belt is 0.05 meters, and a constant dose of ultraviolet exposure is applied.

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Structural ways to reduce the damage of planting potatoes bulbs when using a chain-spoon planting machine

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Research Results of the Improved Coulter Group of the Planter

Research Results of the Improved Coulter Group of the Planter

Design Requirements Substantiation for an Automated Planting Unit for Potato Minitubers

Effect of electrophysical treatments on the storage life of potatoes and other vegetable crops

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