Abundant oxides are studied to replace present thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), to perfect the application performances. 1-8 YSZ displays relatively high thermal conductivity (2.5 W•m −1 •K −1 , 1000°C), high Young's modulus (~230 GPa), low application temperature (≤1200°C), and weak CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3-SiO 2 corrosion resistance. 1,2,9-12 To conquer the weaknesses, multifarious means are applied to perfect YSZ properties, and diverse oxides are researched as novel TBCs. 3,6,13-20 RE 3 NbO 7 oxides (RE is rare earth) are considered as structural materials, as that they display low thermal conductivity (1.0-2.0 W•m −1 •K −1 , 25-900°C), high thermal expansion coefficients (11 × 10 −6 K −1 , 1200°C), and exceptional corrosion resistance. 16,21 The thermal transport mechanism and mechanical properties of fluorites RE 3 NbO 7 are well documented, and the thermal properties of weberites RE 3 NbO 7 are reported. 16,21,22 Besides thermal properties, hardness, toughness, and modulus are vital, nevertheless, the dominant mechanisms of mechanical properties of weberites RE 3 NbO 7 are not clear. The critical factors of hardness, toughness and modulus of ceramics include lattice distortion degree, bond length, microstructure features, and others. Suitable hardness, toughness, and modulus are demanded, and their mutual relations are connective. 23-26 To obtain TBCs with excellent working performance, the mechanical properties and corresponding dominant mechanisms are of great importance. The correlations among crystal structures, surface appearances and mechanical properties of weberites RE 3 NbO 7 are researched. The influences of bond length, lattice distortion degree, crystal structures and microstructures on mechanical properties are studied. Furthermore, the correlations between thermal and mechanical properties are connected. The dominant