Structural studies on cellulose pyrolysis and cellulose chars by PYMS, PYGCMS, FTIR, NMR and by wet chemical techniques

Boon, Jaap J.; Pastorova, Ivana; Botto, Robert E.; Arisz, Peter W.

doi:10.1016/0961-9534(94)00044-t

Cited by 89 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…4b). This agrees with the proposed model as presented by Boon and co-workers [33] regarding the formation of a thermostable polymer network at oven temperatures higher than c. 270°C in the residues of heated microcrystalline cellulose, a polysaccharide with a glucose repeating unit almost similar to starch. In their model residual non-volatile glucose cores with attached ring-cleavage fragments, as a result of (2+2+2) cycloreversion reactions, act increasingly from T oven =250°C, as aldolcondensation sites for volatilized compounds that will react with larger non-volatilized residual structural elements.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Laboratory simulations of the transformation of emmer wheat as a result of heating

Braadbaart

Horst

Boon

et al. 2004

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

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Whole grains of emmer wheat were heated in a pre-heated tube oven at temperatures ranging from 130-700°C under controlled anoxic conditions for maximum 280 min. For each temperature a separate experiment was carried out. Physical properties including mass loss, thermal lag, external and internal morphology and the vitrinite reflectance, C and N content, and DTMS under CI (NH 3 ) and EI conditions were used to monitor changes as a function of the temperature. The results show remaining starch and protein rich material up to 250°C. From 310-400°C a secondary, thermally stable, product is formed and at higher temperatures a strongly carbon enriched tertiary product.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Laboratory simulations of the transformation of emmer wheat as a result of heating

Braadbaart

Horst

Boon

et al. 2004

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

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“…As the total weight loss hardly increases anymore from T oven =440 (C no secondary reactions occur and other chemical reactions must be the cause for the exotherm [42]. In this phase mainly volatilization reactions occur as well as primary reactions that convert starch into the new thermo stable product [8]. From T oven =400 (C the maximum vitrinite reflectance (%R max ) shows a rise that continues until T oven =700 (C (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). In comparison with cellulose, a pea has a more confined structure and will keep the volatile matter inside for further condensation [8]. Another reason to be considered for a higher production of converted solids is the catalytic action of inorganic ions naturally present in peas [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory simulations of the transformation of peas as a result of heat treatment: changes of the physical and chemical properties

Braadbaart

Boon

Veld³

et al. 2004

Journal of Archaeological Science

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The residues of heated organic remains, usually called carbonized or charred remains, are ubiquitous in the archaeological record and are often used to interpret certain aspects of past ways of living. This study focuses on the physical and chemical alterations, both as a function of temperature and time that occur when the transformation of a polysaccharide-rich biomass is simulated in the laboratory. Peas (Pisum sativum) are heated at temperatures ranging from 130-700 (C under anoxic conditions and atmospheric pressure, during a maximum of 2 h. Changes in weight and the relative percentages of C, N, H and O are noted alongside modifications of the internal and external morphology. Vitrinite reflectance provides an elegant tool to determine the heating temperature of the residues. The kinetics that determine the changes and modifications are discussed. The resulting solid products of the heating process can be conveniently considered in five phases, which fit the physical and chemical properties. The simulation provides a rigorous basis for the study of the formation processes, as applied in the archaeology, after the so-called "carbonization" process.

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“…During charring wood experiences several changes: (a) colour -darkening of the wood, which at the end of the process becomes black; (b) physical properties -considerable mass losses, contraction, possible anatomical distortions resulting from charring and loss of many volatile substances; (c) chemical properties -continuous and gradual conversion of the three main chemical components of wood (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) forming a new product, rich in carbon and chemically altered (e.g. Shafi zadeh 1982;Boon et al 1994;Braadbaa rt & Poole 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of wood anatomical characters of selected species of Araucaria- during artificial charring - implications for palaeontology

et al. 2017

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Charcoal is widely accepted as evidence of the occurrence of palaeo-wildfi re. Although fossil charcoal remains have been used in many studies, investigation into the anatomical changes occurring during charring are few. Th e present study analyses changes in selected anatomical characters during artifi cial charring of modern wood of three species of the genus Araucaria (i.e. Araucaria angustifolia, Araucaria bidwillii and Araucaria columnaris). Wood samples of the studied species were charred under controlled conditions at varying temperatures. Measurements of anatomical features of uncharred wood and artifi cial charcoal were statistically analysed. Th e anatomical changes were statistically correlated with charring temperatures and most of the parameters showed marked decreases with increasing charring temperature. Compared to the intrinsic variability in anatomical features, both within and between growth rings of an individual plant, the changes induced by temperature account only for a comparatively small percentage of the observed variability. Regarding Araucaria charcoal, it seems possible that at least general taxonomic and palaeoenvironmental implications can be drawn from such material. However, it is not clear so far whether these results and interpretations based on only three taxa, can be generalized for the entire family and anatomically similar fossil taxa or not.

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Structural studies on cellulose pyrolysis and cellulose chars by PYMS, PYGCMS, FTIR, NMR and by wet chemical techniques

Cited by 89 publications

References 16 publications

Laboratory simulations of the transformation of emmer wheat as a result of heating

Laboratory simulations of the transformation of emmer wheat as a result of heating

Laboratory simulations of the transformation of peas as a result of heat treatment: changes of the physical and chemical properties

Changes of wood anatomical characters of selected species of Araucaria- during artificial charring - implications for palaeontology

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