Structural studies on a cell wall polysaccharide from Bifidobacterium longum YIT4028

Nagaoka, Masato; Shibata, Hideyuki; Kimura, Itsuko; Hashimoto, Shusuke; Kimura, Kazumasa; Sawada, Haruji; Yokokura, Teruo

doi:10.1016/0008-6215(95)00076-6

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…longum strain CRC 002, so glucose may not contribute to increasing the UDPglucose precursor pool for EPS production. Genes of the Leloir pathway (galK, galE1, galE2, galT1 and galT2), however, were induced by galactose and lactose during exponential growth, which contributes directly to increasing UDP-galactose and then to UDP-glucose formation, (Nagaoka et al, 1995), and shunt glucose away from glycolysis. In fact, rml genes were differentially expressed depending on the sugar source and growth phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only 17 % of lactobacilli and bifidobacterial strains isolated from human gastrointestinal microbiota showed EPS production by phenotypic methods (Ruas-Madiedo et al, 2007). Bifidobacterium longum strain YIT4028 has been reported to have cell wall polysaccharides consisting of rhamnogalactan (Nagaoka et al, 1995), while three out of four EPSs characterized from B. longum also contained rhamnose (Salazar et al, 2009). More recently, the EPS repeating unit from B. longum strain JBL05 was shown to be a heptasaccharide containing glucose, galactose and rhamnose (Kohno et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sugar source modulates exopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum CRC 002

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of four sugars (glucose, galactose, lactose and fructose) on exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum CRC 002 was evaluated. More EPS was produced when CRC 002 was grown on lactose in the absence of pH control, with a production of 1080±120 mg EPS l "1 (P,0.01) after 24 h of incubation. For fructose, galactose and glucose, EPS production was similar, at 512±63, 564±165 and 616±93 mg EPS l "1 , respectively. The proposed repeating unit composition of the EPS is 2 galactose to 3 glucose. The effect of sugar and fermentation time on expression of genes involved in sugar nucleotide production (galK, galE1, galE2, galT1, galT2, galU, rmlA, rmlB1 and rmlCD) and the priming glycosyltransferase (wblE) was quantified using real-time reverse transcription PCR. A significantly higher transcription level of wblE (9.29-fold) and the genes involved in the Leloir pathway (galK, 4.10-fold; galT1, 2.78-fold; and galE2, 4.95-fold) during exponential growth was associated with enhanced EPS production on lactose compared to glucose. However, galU expression, linking glucose metabolism with the Leloir pathway, was not correlated with EPS production on different sugars. Genes coding for dTDP-rhamnose biosynthesis were also differentially expressed depending on sugar source and growth phase, although rhamnose was not present in the composition of the EPS. This precursor may be used in cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. These results contribute to understanding the changes in gene expression when different sugar substrates are catabolized by B. longum subsp. longum CRC 002.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar source modulates exopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum CRC 002

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is known that Bifidobacterium bifidum contains a ␤-galactosidase (BIF3) which is expected to be located extracellularly (25) and contains a putative galactose-binding domain. Possibly, this binding domain mediates attachment of the enzyme to galactosyl residues of the constituent polysaccharides of the Bifidobacterium cell wall (26). In this case, galactooligosaccharides might be degraded extracellularly to monomers, which can be internalized through the more common hexose transporters, and no special oligosaccharide transporter will be needed (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifidobacterium longumEndogalactanase Liberates Galactotriose from Type I Galactans

Hinz

Pastink

Broek

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A putative endogalactanase gene classified into glycoside hydrolase family 53 was revealed from the genome sequence of Bifidobacterium longum strain NCC2705 (Schell et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:14422-14427, 2002). Since only a few endo-acting enzymes from bifidobacteria have been described, we have cloned this gene and characterized the enzyme in detail. The deduced amino acid sequence suggested that this enzyme was located extracellularly and anchored to the cell membrane. galA was cloned without the transmembrane domain into the pBluescript SK(؊) vector and expressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme was purified from the cell extract by anion-exchange and size exclusion chromatography. The purified enzyme had a native molecular mass of 329 kDa, and the subunits had a molecular mass of 94 kDa, which indicated that the enzyme occurred as a tetramer. The optimal pH of endogalactanase activity was 5.0, and the optimal temperature was 37°C, using azurine-cross-linked galactan (AZCL-galactan) as a substrate. The K m and V max for AZCL-galactan were 1.62 mM and 99 U/mg, respectively. The enzyme was able to liberate galactotrisaccharides from (␤134)galactans and (␤134)galactooligosaccharides, probably by a processive mechanism, moving toward the reducing end of the galactan chain after an initial midchain cleavage. GalA's mode of action was found to be different from that of an endogalactanase from Aspergillus aculeatus. The enzyme seemed to be able to cleave (␤133) linkages. Arabinosyl side chains in, for example, potato galactan hindered GalA.Bifidobacteria play an important role in carbohydrate fermentation in the colon. They contain a large number of carbohydrate-modifying enzymes. Since the genome sequence of Bifidobacterium longum recently became available (36), more information about Bifidobacterium glycolytic enzymes has been uncovered. The genome reveals that approximately 5% of all annotated genes are involved in the modification of carbohydrates.Several studies on in vitro fermentations of (␤13 4)-linked (arabino)galactans with different bifidobacteria show that mainly B. longum strains were able to grow on these arabinogalactans (9,11). This is consistent with the genome sequence of B. longum because it reveals the presence of many different putative enzymes potentially able to degrade arabinogalactans. Most of these enzymes are probably located intracellularly, and their sequence suggests that they can degrade the side chains of galactans (arabinofuranosidases and arabinosidases) or galactooligosaccharides (␤-galactosidases) (36). Interestingly, the genome sequence also suggests that B. longum contains an endogalactanase (annotated as YvfO and further referred to as GalA in this study), which is predicted to be extracellular. This is rather exceptional, because only few endo-acting enzymes have been described in bifidobacteria so far (2, 24).Most endogalactanases described to date are able to degrade the (␤134)-linked galactosyl backbone of type I arabinogalactans (6,20,21,28,39). Neither the subs...

show abstract

“…Involvement of anionic surface groups in heavy-metal binding has been reported for the Gram-positive B. subtilis. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and some Bifidobacterium longum strains are also known to produce exopolysaccharides (53,69), which contain different charged groups, including carboxyl, hydroxyl, and phosphate, which make a greater percentage of negatively charged groups increase the number of ligands capable of binding cationic metals such as cadmium and lead. Using electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with two Lactobacillus kefir strains, CIDCA 8348 and JCM 5818, the precipitation of metals in the cell S-layer and changes in the secondary structure of the S-layer in terms of protein arrangement and structure after metal absorption have been observed (34).…”

Section: Removal Of Lead and Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioremediation and Tolerance of Humans to Heavy Metals through Microbial Processes: a Potential Role for Probiotics?

Monachese

Burton

Reid

2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

266

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACTThe food and water we consume are often contaminated with a range of chemicals and heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, and mercury, that are associated with numerous diseases. Although heavy-metal exposure and contamination are not a recent phenomenon, the concentration of metals and the exposure to populations remain major issues despite efforts at remediation. The ability to prevent and manage this problem is still a subject of much debate, with many technologies ineffective and others too expensive for practical large-scale use, especially for developing nations where major pollution occurs. This has led researchers to seek alternative solutions for decontaminating environmental sites and humans themselves. A number of environmental microorganisms have long been known for their ability to bind metals, but less well appreciated are human gastrointestinal bacteria. Species such asLactobacillus, present in the human mouth, gut, and vagina and in fermented foods, have the ability to bind and detoxify some of these substances. This review examines the current understanding of detoxication mechanisms of lactobacilli and how, in the future, humans and animals might benefit from these organisms in remediating environmental contamination of food.

show abstract

Structural studies on a cell wall polysaccharide from Bifidobacterium longum YIT4028

Cited by 31 publications

References 11 publications

Sugar source modulates exopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum CRC 002

Sugar source modulates exopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum CRC 002

Bifidobacterium longumEndogalactanase Liberates Galactotriose from Type I Galactans

Bioremediation and Tolerance of Humans to Heavy Metals through Microbial Processes: a Potential Role for Probiotics?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About