Structural studies of single wood cell walls by synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction and polarised light microscopy

Peura, Marko; Müller, Martin; Serimaa, Ritva; Vainio, Ulla; Sarén, Matti-Paavo; Saranpää, Pekka; Burghammer, Manfred

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2005.06.011

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Donaldson and Xu (2005), observing individual cell walls with polarized light, reported that the S2 layer of Pinus radiata had a relatively uniform microfibril angle but noticed a trend of increasing MFA toward the S1 layer. Using x-ray microdiffraction across single walls of Norway spruce (Picea abies), Peura et al (2005) showed that the dominant MFA had a broad distribution ranging over approximately 20°to 30°. Our observations suggest that there is a decrease in MFA of the S2 layer toward the lumen in poplar wood.…”

Section: Mfa Of Cell Wall Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maturation Stress Generation in Poplar Tension Wood Studied by Synchrotron Radiation Microdiffraction

et al. 2010

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Tension wood is widespread in the organs of woody plants. During its formation, it generates a large tensile mechanical stress, called maturation stress. Maturation stress performs essential biomechanical functions such as optimizing the mechanical resistance of the stem, performing adaptive movements, and ensuring long-term stability of growing plants. Although various hypotheses have recently been proposed, the mechanism generating maturation stress is not yet fully understood. In order to discriminate between these hypotheses, we investigated structural changes in cellulose microfibrils along sequences of xylem cell differentiation in tension and normal wood of poplar (Populus deltoides 3 Populus trichocarpa 'I45-51'). Synchrotron radiation microdiffraction was used to measure the evolution of the angle and lattice spacing of crystalline cellulose associated with the deposition of successive cell wall layers. Profiles of normal and tension wood were very similar in early development stages corresponding to the formation of the S1 and the outer part of the S2 layer. The microfibril angle in the S2 layer was found to be lower in its inner part than in its outer part, especially in tension wood. In tension wood only, this decrease occurred together with an increase in cellulose lattice spacing, and this happened before the G-layer was visible. The relative increase in lattice spacing was found close to the usual value of maturation strains, strongly suggesting that microfibrils of this layer are put into tension and contribute to the generation of maturation stress.

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Section: Mfa Of Cell Wall Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maturation Stress Generation in Poplar Tension Wood Studied by Synchrotron Radiation Microdiffraction

et al. 2010

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“…Polarised light microscopy allows the visualisation of areas with deviant cellulose fibril alignment with respect to the main cellulose orientation allowing the response of dislocations or nodes (defects) to straining to be studied (Thygesen et al 2007;Eder et al 2008b). When changes in the crystal lattice of cellulose or in microfibril angles (MFA) should be studied in more detail, in situ X-ray experiments are a powerful method (Köhler and Spatz 2002;Keckes et al 2003;Kamiyama et al 2005;Kolln et al 2005;Peura et al 2005Peura et al , 2006Peura et al , 2007Zabler et al 2010;Montero et al 2012). Spectroscopic methods (see review Fackler and Thygesen, this issue) combined with mechanical loading allow one to follow changes at the molecular level caused by straining (e.g.…”

Section: Combined Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental micromechanical characterisation of wood cell walls

et al. 2012

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The properties of wood and wood-based materials are strongly dependent on the properties of the fibres, that is, the cell wall properties. It is thus highly important to be able to mechanically characterise cell walls in order to understand structure-property relationships. This article gives a brief overview of the state of the art in experimental techniques to characterise the mechanical properties of wood at both the level of the single cell and that of the cell wall. Challenges, opportunities, drawbacks and limitations of single fibre tensile tests and nanoindentation are discussed with respect to the wood material properties. Introduction and background

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“…Donaldson and Xu (2005), observing individual cell walls with polarized light, reported that the S2 layer of Pinus radiata had relatively uniform microfibril angles but noticed a trend of increasing MFA toward the S1 layer. Using x-ray microdiffraction across single walls of Norway spruce (Picea abies), Peura et al (2005) showed that the dominant MFA had a broad distribution ranging over approximately 20°to 30°. Our observations suggest that there is a decrease in MFA of the S2 layer toward the lumen in poplar normal wood.…”

Section: Mfa Of Cell Wall Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maturation Stress Generation in Poplar Tension Wood Studied by Synchrotron Radiation Microdiffraction

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tension wood is widespread in the organs of woody plants. During its formation, it generates a large tensile mechanical stress called maturation stress. Maturation stress performs essential biomechanical functions such as optimizing the mechanical resistance of the stem, performing adaptive movements, and ensuring the long-term stability of growing plants. Although various hypotheses have recently been proposed, the mechanism generating maturation stress is not yet fully understood. In order to discriminate between these hypotheses, we investigated structural changes in cellulose microfibrils along sequences of xylem cell differentiation in tension and normal wood of poplar (Populus deltoides 3 Populus trichocarpa 'I45-51'). Synchrotron radiation microdiffraction was used to measure the evolution of the angle and lattice spacing of crystalline cellulose associated with the deposition of successive cell wall layers. Profiles of normal and tension wood were very similar in early development stages corresponding to the formation of the S1 layer and the outer part of the S2 layer. Subsequent layers were found with a lower microfibril angle (MFA), corresponding to the inner part of the S2 layer of normal wood (MFA approximately 10°) and the G layer of tension wood (MFA approximately 0°). In tension wood only, this steep decrease in MFA occurred together with an increase in cellulose lattice spacing. The relative increase in lattice spacing was found close to the usual value of maturation strains. Analysis showed that this increase in lattice spacing is at least partly due to mechanical stress induced in cellulose microfibrils soon after their deposition, suggesting that the G layer directly generates and supports the tensile maturation stress in poplar tension wood.

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Structural studies of single wood cell walls by synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction and polarised light microscopy

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Maturation Stress Generation in Poplar Tension Wood Studied by Synchrotron Radiation Microdiffraction

Maturation Stress Generation in Poplar Tension Wood Studied by Synchrotron Radiation Microdiffraction

Experimental micromechanical characterisation of wood cell walls

Maturation Stress Generation in Poplar Tension Wood Studied by Synchrotron Radiation Microdiffraction

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