Structural studies and melting of bismuth nanocrystals in reduced bismuth germanate and bismuth silicate glasses

Characterization of bismuth oxide catalysts prepared from bismuth trinitrate pentahydrate: influence of bismuth concentration

“…The crystallite size was determined by applying the Scherrer's equation. Kusz et al [17] have studied the structure and melting behaviour of bismuth nanocrystals embedded in SiO 2 and GeO 2 matrices, which were obtained by thermal treatment in hydrogen atmosphere of Bi 0.33 Ge 0.67 O 1.84 and Bi 0.57 Si 0.43 O 1.72 glass. Yang et al [18] have successfully synthesized ␣-Bi 2 O 3 needles by using hydrothermal method.…”

Superconducting Lead Granular Layer Prepared by Reducing in Hydrogen Lead of Germanate Glasses

“…The samples were prepared in traditional method [2,6]. The conductivity was measured in the temperature range from 4.8 K to 673 K in ambient atmosphere using two-terminal or four-terminal methods.…”

“…In this way layers of Bi on reduced bismuth-germanate and bismuth-silicate glasses may be obtained [2]. In the course of heat treatment in hydrogen Bi +3 ions are reduced into neutral atoms, which create the layer on the glass surface.…”

Structure and Thermoelectric Properties of Te-Ag-Ge-Sb (TAGS) Materials Obtained by Reduction of Melted Oxide Substrates

“…One of the ways to increase the electrical conductivity of oxide materials is reduction of the metal ions. Kusz and his group examined the formation of both pure metal grains or a composite of metal alloy and amorphous oxide during heat treatment at 340°C to 400°C in hydrogen atmosphere for various oxide glasses, e.g., Bi-Si-K-O, 21 Bi-Ge-K-O, 21 Bi-Si-O, 22,23 Bi-Ge-O, [24][25][26][27][28] Pb-Ge-O, 29 and Ge-Sb-O. 30 They have shown that the structure and physical properties of the reduced oxides depend strongly on temperature and the duration of reduction.…”