Structural responses of needles of conifer seedlings to acid rain treatment

Bäck, Jaana; Huttunen, Satu

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb01060.x

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…On the other hand, lipid accumulation may also be indicative of stress. This is typical of higher plants under stress (Back and Huttunen 1992). In caffeinetreated samples, Hylocomium splendens cell walls showed a stratified structure with three electron-dense layers interspersed by two light layers (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Moss flavonoids and their ultrastructural localization under enhanced UV-B radiation

Taipale

Huttunen

2002

Polar Record

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A study was made of methanol-extractable UV-B-absorbing pigments under enhanced UV-B treatment. UV-B-absorbing pigments in two common ectohydric mosses showed seasonal variation during the summer months. Pigment contents were highest in June, decreased in July, and thereafter remained unchanged until September. In Hylocomium splendens, a significant increase of pigments was observed at the end of the experiment. The intracellular localization of caffeine-stabilized flavonoids was manifested as dark electron-dense deposits in the cell walls and intracellular dark deposits in the cell plasma. The dark deposits in the cell walls of Pleurozium schreberi were located either in the outer part of the cell wall or in the middle lamellae of the wall structures. Hylocomium splendens had a stratified cell-wall structure, in which three dark electron-dense cell layers could be identified. Intracellular deposits were located in different parts of the cell, but electron-dense deposits were observed at the cell margins and in the proximity of the nucleus. Although certain cell ultrastructural disturbances (for example, lipid accumulation, chloroplast disintegration) in moss leaf cells were observed, the short-term UV-B treatment did not increase the intensity of the dark deposits.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Moss flavonoids and their ultrastructural localization under enhanced UV-B radiation

Taipale

Huttunen

2002

Polar Record

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“…The appearance of cytoplasm also suggested a less advanced winter hardening stage in trees in industrial areas than at the control site. Back & Huttunen (1992) and Back, Huttunen & Kristen (1993) have found that acid rain irrigation for two and a half growing seasons disturbs the winter hardening processes of Norway spruce seedlings. They attributed the slightly reduced cold tolerance to the accumulation of starch in the autumn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell ultrastructural evidence of accelerated ageing of Norway spruce needles in industrial areas

1996

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S U M M A R YNeedle mesophyll cell ultrastructure of 1st to 9th yr needles from Norway spruce {Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees of different ages was studied at three different sites to determine the normal features of needle ageing, and the impact of air pollution on the needle ageing process. The sites included one rural area and two industrial environments, of which one contained SOj emissions and the other SO., and F emissions. The ultrastuctural features of needle mesophyll cells of different ages were found to be remarkably similar when young (20-yr-old) and mature (> SO-yr-old) trees were compared. Senescence-related ultrastructural symptoms such as increase in the number and size of plastoglobuli and an increase in the large lipid accumulations were observed with increasing needle age. In addition, the occurrence of lipid bodies in the centra! vacuole and an increased number of dark grains in the cell wall were detected in ageing needles. No changes in chloroplast length were observed during the ageing of needles, although the w'idth of the chloroplasts showed a tendency to increase. A poor differentiation of granal membranes and an increase in small cytoplasmic lipid bodies and irregularly-shaped lipid material were symptoms typical of needles in the industrial areas. The ageing symptoms appeared in younger needles and were more evident in industrial areas than at the control site, suggesting an accelerated ageing process in the industrial areas.

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“…In the literature also a lot of information is available for conifers on the needle ultrastructural level under the impact of acidic air pollution. In conifers changes in the ctiticle, extensive erosion of epicuticular wax (Huttunen & Laine, 1983;Huttunen, 1985;Rinallo et al, 1986), and alterations in mesophyll cells and chloroplast shapes under the influence of acid rain (Back & Huttunen, 1992) are described. Relationships between the parameters of the anatomical structure of pine needles under industrial stress was studied by Fedorkov (2002), but the structural changes caused by nutrient excess in soil and increased concentrations in needles have not been described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biochemical and structural characteristics of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in an alkaline environment

Mandre¹,

Lukjanova²

2011

Estonian J. Ecol.

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Investigations in a 75-85-year-old Scots pine stand were performed on a territory influenced over 40 years by alkaline dust pollution (pH 12.3-12.7) emitted from a cement plant. Sample plots were located at distances of 2, 3, and 5 km E of the emission source and a control sample plot was selected on an unpolluted territory 38 km W of it. We studied soil properties and the anatomical structure, mineral nutrition, and pigments in Scots pine needles. The alkaline dust pollution has affected the biogeochemical cycling in the forest ecosystem, increasing the pH and total Ca, K, Fe, Mn, and Mg and decreasing N, C, organic matter, and C/N compared to the unpolluted soils. Alkalization and changes in the nutrient composition of soil had caused serious disbalances in nutrient availability and in the mineral composition of trees. Deflciency in foliar N and Mn and excess of K, Ca, and Fe contents had caused a decrease in the average chlorophyll concentrations. Carotenoids seemed to be more tolerant both to changes in soil and needle nutrient composition. The Chi o/ChI b ratio in needles was found to have declined. With the alkalization of the environment the total area of the needle cross-section, needle thickness, and mesophyll area had also decreased compared with control. Differences in the anatomical characteristics of needles between the polluted and unpolluted areas were significant in the oldest needles. The decrease of mesophyll was associated with the content of chlorophylls and correlated with N concentrations in needles.

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Structural responses of needles of conifer seedlings to acid rain treatment

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

Moss flavonoids and their ultrastructural localization under enhanced UV-B radiation

Moss flavonoids and their ultrastructural localization under enhanced UV-B radiation

Cell ultrastructural evidence of accelerated ageing of Norway spruce needles in industrial areas

Biochemical and structural characteristics of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in an alkaline environment

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