Structural requirement for axonal regeneration-promoting effect of polyamines in cultured rat hippocampal neurons

Change in neuron aggregation and neurite fasciculation on EVAL membranes modified with different diamines

“…Massia and Hubbel demonstrated that diamines covalently coupled to glass substrate promoted human foreskin fibroblast adhesion 17. For neurons, amine‐containing materials are known to play a role in neuronal survival by ionic interactions between positively charged amines and negatively charged sulfate and carboxylate groups of the cell surface proteoglycans 13–15. However, cell–biomaterial interaction is a very complicated phenomenon and depends in a very sensitive manner on the surface structure and composition of biomaterials,10, 17 so it is not clear what amine‐containing structure is really dominant for neuronal culture.…”

“…17 For neurons, amine-containing materials are known to play a role in neuronal survival by ionic interactions between positively charged amines and negatively charged sulfate and carboxylate groups of the cell surface proteoglycans. [13][14][15] However, cell-biomaterial interaction is a very complicated phenomenon and depends in a very sensitive manner on the surface structure and composition of biomaterials, 10,17 so it is not clear what amine-containing structure is really dominant for neuronal culture. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether diamines bonded to different carbon chain length have different influences on neuronal behavior in vitro.…”

“…The short-chain amine stimulated neuron migration, aggregation, and neurite fasciculation, whereas the long-chain diamine limited neuron and neurite migration. Although it is known that positively charged amine molecules can interact directly with cell surface proteoglycans to mediate cell attachment, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] this study successfully demonstrated that the chain length of the terminal primary amine was involved in determining neuron migration and differentiation. This work is encouraging because the diamine-immobilized EVAL membranes can be applied for the establishment of different neural culture systems useful for future investigations of neuron biology under in vitro conditions.…”

“…However, coating polylysine on the substrate is noncovalent attachment, which may be lost by washing steps. Therefore, other amine‐containing polymers or polyamines have attracted much attention 11–15. Ruegg and Hefti demonstrated that diamines covalently bound onto substrate surfaces could support neuronal attachment and growth 11.…”

“…Therefore, other amine-containing polymers or polyamines have attracted much attention. [11][12][13][14][15] Ruegg and Hefti demonstrated that diamines covalently bound onto substrate surfaces could support neuronal attachment and growth. 11 Makohliso et al demonstrated that fluorinated ethylenepropylene membrane could store positive charges by a corona charging process to induce higher levels of neurite outgrowth.…”