Structural relationships between the surface antigens of ground squirrel hepatitis virus and human hepatitis B virus

Gerlich, Wolfram H.; Feitelson, Mark A.; Marion, Patricia L.; Robinson, William S.

doi:10.1128/jvi.36.3.787-795.1980

Cited by 54 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The surface antigen particles of GSHV (GSHsAg) have been compared by physical, chemical, and serological methods (17). As with WHV, a small but measurable amount of antigenic relatedness with HBsAg was detected.…”

Section: Structural Characteristics Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Three recently described animal virus models for human hepatitis B virus

Summers

1981

Hepatology

171

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Section: Structural Characteristics Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Three recently described animal virus models for human hepatitis B virus

Summers

1981

Hepatology

171

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“…Hepatitis B virus (HBV), ground squirrel hepatitis virus (GSHV), woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) comprise a group of infectious agents which share many biochemical characteristics (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). The virions of each are surrounded by an envelope of surface antigen reactive determinants which are immunologically distinct and which reside on a family of virus-encoded polypeptides whose number and sizes vary (2)(3)(4)(6)(7)(8)(9). Virus nucleocapsids, or core particles, have been isolated by treatment of serumderived virions with nonionic detergent or directly from viruses is circular, heat linearization demonstrates that even after the DNAp reaction, a nick exists in each of the DNA strands (6,19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Products of the “x” gene in hepatitis B and related viruses

Feitelson

1986

Hepatology

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The X region in hepatitis B virus DNA potentially encodes a polypeptide 154 amino acids in length. Two synthetic peptides spanning residues 100 to 115 (peptide 99) and 115 to 131 (peptide 100) in a hydrophilic domain within the carboxy terminal third of the proposed gene product were made and used to raise peptide antisera in rabbits. Such antisera specifically bound to X reactive determinants in liver-derived core antigen particles from humans (HBcAg), ducks (DHBcAg), ground squirrels (GSHcAg) and woodchucks (WHcAg) at each step of core antigen purification. This reactivity was blocked by addition of excess synthetic peptide, and neither sera were reactive with other purified antigens such as HBsAg. Individual polypeptides associated with these core particles were also reactive by Western blotting. These findings suggest that X reactive determinants are present in the core particles of hepatitis B virus and related viruses, and that one or more core-associated polypeptides may have both X and core antigenic determinants. The possible significance of these observations upon the genetic organization and expression of the X gene is discussed.

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“…Monitoring of anti-GSHs was by a specific solid-phase RIA as described in Gerlich et al (2) using purified GSHsAg.…”

Section: Serologic Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground Squirrel Hepatitis Virus Infection

et al. 2007

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Twenty-four adult Beechey ground squirrels persistently infected with the hepatitis B virusrelated ground squirrel hepatitis virus (GSHV) remained infected with high levels of viral surface antigen (GSHsAg) and virion-associated DNA polymerase activity in the blood for over 2 years in captivity. Unlike humans infected with hepatitis B virus, no GSHsAg-bearing ground squirrels had surface antigen in the blood without DNA polymerase-containing virions, and the levels of these did not change. Only a very mild hepatitis was observed histologically in some of the virusinfected animals, with faint Shikata-staining detectable in some. Other animals exhibited no histologic evidence of hepatitis. While the closely related woodchuck hepatitis virus has been associated with more severe chronic hepatitis and a high incidence of liver cancer in woodchucks, these were not found in GSHV-infected ground squirrels when a similar number of animals were followed for a similar time of observation. Experimental infection of ground squirrels with no evidence of current or past GSHV infection resulted in three types of response: (i) self-limited or transient GSHV-positive infection; (ii) GSHV-positive infection which became persistent, and (iii) primary anti-GSHs and anti-GSHc (antibody to the viral core antigen) responses without detectable GSHsAg or virion DNA polymerase activity in the blood. These responses are similar to those observed following experimental infection of man with HBV. GSHV produced none of the three responses when injected into a variety of laboratory animal species and a chimpanzee, causing only an antibody response to GSHsAg. No evidence of current or past infection was detected in a number of animal species from an area endemic for GSHV. The virus has only been found in one area of northern California, with a carrier rate in that location reaching 52%.Ground squirrel hepatitis virus (GSHV) is a small hepatotropic DNA virus of the hepadna virus family (l), whose prototype is human hepatitis B virus (HBV). After discovering this virus in Beechey ground squirrels in 1979, we showed that it had the following common features with HBV: virus morphology, virion DNA size and structure, a virion DNA polymerase (DNAp) that repairs a single-stranded region in the viral DNA, cross-reacting viral antigens, and persistent infection with viral antigen continuously in the blood (1). Specific and sensitive assays for both the surface and core antigens (GSHsAg and GSHcAg) of the virus and for the antibodies to these antigens were developed in this laboratory (2-5). The physical properties of the surface antigen particles of GSHV and HBV were analyzed in parallel, showing that the particles have the same buoyant densities and the same pattern of polypeptides, although the two major Received November 26, 1982; accepted February 23, 1983. polypeptides of GSHV migrate faster in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis than do those of HBV (2, 3). The tryptic peptide map homology between the major nonglycosylated polypeptides of the tw...

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Structural relationships between the surface antigens of ground squirrel hepatitis virus and human hepatitis B virus

Cited by 54 publications

References 26 publications

Three recently described animal virus models for human hepatitis B virus

Three recently described animal virus models for human hepatitis B virus

Products of the “x” gene in hepatitis B and related viruses

Ground Squirrel Hepatitis Virus Infection

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