Structural reconstruction and anisotropic conductance in 4f-ferromagnetic monolayer

You, Haipeng; Zhang, Junjie; Ding, Ning; Zhang, Xiwen; Yao, Xincheng; Dong, Shuai

doi:10.1016/j.mtphys.2022.100693

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Hence, the ion cage wrapping each Gd is more compact in GdCl3, forming a rare Cl-hendecahedron, which is different from the common octahedron or triangular prism, as shown in Figure 6a. According to our calculations, 54 the GdCl3 monolayer can be easily exfoliated from its bulk. The GdCl3 monolayer possesses a unique orthorhombic structure with hendecahedral ion cages, which is completely different from both the honeycomb structure of GdI3 and the triangular structure of GdI2, representing a brand-new lattice for a 2D magnet.…”

Section: Gadolinium Trihalidementioning

confidence: 81%

“…54 By insertion of Li into a Gd-Cl2-Gd interstitial position, a significant structural reconstruction occurs, and exotic Cl hendecahedron cages transform to Cl-octahedra (Figure 6b). 54 The symmetry of the resultant (GdCl3)2Li monolayer is reduced to monoclinic (C2/m). Simultaneously, ferromagnetism is achieved with a large magnetization (7.5 μB/Gd) and a moderate TC value (~48 K) (Figure 6c).…”

Section: Gadolinium Trihalidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simultaneously, ferromagnetism is achieved with a large magnetization (7.5 μB/Gd) and a moderate TC value (~48 K) (Figure 6c). 54 Here, the ferromagnetism is induced by doping electrons in Gd's 5d orbitals, via a doubleexchange-like process. Namely, the localized 4f moments act as the spin background while the itinerant 5d electrons act as the medium.…”

Section: Gadolinium Trihalidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, due to the structural anisotropy, the 5d electrons prefer to stay between short Gd-Gd pairs along the a axis, leading to a large electrical transport anisotropy (Figure 6d), which may be peculiarly useful for nanoelectronics. 54…”

Section: Gadolinium Trihalidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…51,52 The third part will introduce 2D GdI3 and GdCl3 monolayers, as well as their variants with metal atom intercalation. 53,54 It is noteworthy that the 4f and 5d orbitals of Gd both play crucial roles in these materials. For GdX2 and related Janus monolayers, the spatially expanded 5d electrons act as a bridge to couple localized 4f spins, and their 4f 7 +5d 1 hybridization of Gd 2+ leads to large exchange interactions, as illustrated in Figures 1a-b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gadolinium Halide Monolayers: A Fertile Family of Two-Dimensional 4f Magnets

You

Ding

Yao

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Two-dimensional (2D) magnets have great potentials for applications in nextgeneration information devices. Since the recent experimental discovery of intrinsic 2D magnetism in monolayer CrI3 and few-layer Cr2Ge2Te6, intensive studies have been stimulated in pursuing more 2D magnets and revealing their intriguing physical properties. In comparison to the magnetism based on 3d electrons, 4f electrons can provide larger magnetic moments and stronger spin-orbit coupling, but have been much less studied in the 2D forms. Only in very recent years, some exciting results have been obtained in this area. In this mini-review, we will introduce some recent progress in 2D Gd halides from a theoretical aspect. It is noteworthy that 4f and 5d orbitals of Gd both play key roles in these materials. For GdX2 (X=I, Br, Cl and F) monolayers and related Janus monolayers, robust ferromagnetism with large exchanges comes from the 4f 7 + 5d 1 hybridization of Gd 2+ . The spatially expanded 5d electrons act as a bridge to couple localized 4f spins. For GdX3 monolayers, the intercalation of metal atoms can dope electrons into Gd's 5d orbitals, which leads to numerous intriguing physical properties, such as ferroelasticity, ferromagnetism, and anisotropic conductance. In brief, Gd halides establish an effective strategy to take advantage of f-electron magnetism in 2D materials.

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Section: Gadolinium Trihalidementioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Gadolinium Trihalidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gadolinium Trihalidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gadolinium Trihalidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Gadolinium Halide Monolayers: A Fertile Family of Two-Dimensional 4f Magnets

You

Ding

Yao

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Two-dimensional 4f magnetic EuSn2X2 (X = P, As) monolayers: A first-principles study

Bai

Jia

et al. 2023

Applied Physics Letters

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Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic semiconductors (FMSs) hold exciting and promising potential for application in spintronic devices at the nanoscale. Currently, most 2D FMSs are based on 3d electrons; 4f electrons can provide nontrivial magnetism but have been much less studied to date. This paper presents a theoretical study, via first-principles calculations, of EuSn2X2 (X = P, As) monolayers based on rare-earth cations with f-electrons. The results show that EuSn2X2 monolayers possess a large magnetization (7 μB/Eu), a controllable magnetic anisotropy energy, and a unique d-electron-mediated f–f exchange mechanism. Both types of EuSn2X2 (X = P, As) monolayers are FMSs with indirect bandgaps of 1.00 and 0.99 eV, respectively, based on the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE06) method, which can be transform to direct bandgap semiconductors under biaxial strain. Interestingly, under the latter, spin–orbit coupling interaction gradually replaces the dipole–dipole interaction in the dominant position of magnetic anisotropy, resulting in the magnetic easy axis changing from in-plane to the more desirable out-of-plane. Considering their excellent dynamic, thermal, and mechanical stabilities and small cleavage energy, these EuSn2X2 monolayers can be exfoliated from their synthesized bulk. Our study not only helps to understand the properties of 2D 4f rare-earth magnets but also signposts a route toward improving the performance of EuSn2X2 monolayers in nano-electronic devices.

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Stacking order, charge doping, and strain-induced switching between AFM and FM in bilayer GdI2

Li,

Hou,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Journal of Applied Physics

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GdI2 monolayer is a promising material for spintronics applications due to its robust room-temperature ferromagnetism and sizable valley polarization. In two-dimensional van der Waals magnets, interlayer magnetic coupling plays a crucial role in device applications. The performance of these devices can be effectively tuned by adjusting the stacking order, charge doping, and strain. By performing first-principles calculations, we have demonstrated that the interlayer magnetic coupling in bilayer GdI2 is highly dependent on the stacking order, which can be tuned between ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic orders through lateral shifting. Furthermore, the interlayer magnetic coupling can also be tuned by charge doping and strain, where both electron and hole doping can enhance the FM coupling interaction between layers, and the interlayer FM coupling can be strengthened with increasing biaxial tensile strain. These results show that bilayer GdI2 has rich tunable interlayer magnetic interactions, which can be used in designing interesting spin tunnel field-effect transistor devices.

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Structural reconstruction and anisotropic conductance in 4f-ferromagnetic monolayer

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Gadolinium Halide Monolayers: A Fertile Family of Two-Dimensional 4f Magnets

Gadolinium Halide Monolayers: A Fertile Family of Two-Dimensional 4f Magnets

Two-dimensional 4f magnetic EuSn2X2 (X = P, As) monolayers: A first-principles study

Stacking order, charge doping, and strain-induced switching between AFM and FM in bilayer GdI2

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