Structural Racism in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Moving Forward

Sabatello, Maya; Scroggins, Mary Jackson; Goto, Greta; Santiago, Alicia; McCormick, Alma Knows His Gun; Morris, Kimberly Jacoby; Daulton, Christina R.; Easter, Carla; Darien, Gwen

doi:10.1080/15265161.2020.1851808

Cited by 51 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Non-white persons, especially Blacks/African Americans, have been disproportionately vulnerable to hospitalization and death from COVID-19 disease, due to their increased vulnerability to chronic illness, their high levels of employment in service jobs, and their inadequate access to health resources [ 35 , 36 ]. This population has also been subject to historical and ongoing forms of healthcare injustice [ 37 ], in Michigan in particular [ 38 ]. So, members of the collective responsibility COVID-19 specific hesitancy group have disproportionately been harmed by COVID-19 infection and have been least helped by society.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Healthcare Personnel Who Generally Accept Vaccines

et al. 2022

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To identify psychological antecedents of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare personnel (HCP). We surveyed 4603 HCP to assess psychological antecedents of their vaccination decisions (the ‘5 Cs’) for vaccines in general and for COVID-19 vaccines. Most HCP accept vaccines, but many expressed hesitancy about COVID-19 vaccines for the psychological antecedents of vaccination: confidence (vaccines are effective), complacency (vaccines are unnecessary), constraints (difficult to access), calculation (risks/benefits), collective responsibility (need for vaccination when others vaccinate). HCP who were hesitant only about COVID-19 vaccines differed from HCP who were consistently hesitant: those with lower confidence were more likely to be younger and women, higher constraints were more likely to have clinical positions, higher complacency were more likely to have recently cared for COVID-19 patients, and lesser collective responsibility were more likely to be non-white. These results can inform interventions to encourage uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in HCP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Healthcare Personnel Who Generally Accept Vaccines

et al. 2022

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“…We determined race/ethnicity from VA administrative data, which was ascertained before the COVID-19 test [ 32 , 33 ]. We chose White-nH as the comparison group because they consistently had the lowest levels of COVID-19 infections through the pandemic [ 34 ], and White-nH individuals largely benefit from systemic racism in medical and healthcare institutions that have put AI/AN individuals at higher risk for COVID-19 [ 35 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Community-Level Factors on Disparities in COVID-19 Infection Among American Indian/Alaska Native Veterans

Wong

Upchurch

Steers

et al. 2021

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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Objectives American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities have been disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study examines whether neighborhood characteristics mediate AI/AN versus White-non-Hispanic Veteran COVID-19 infection disparities, and whether mediation differs based on proximity to reservations. Methods Using Veteran Health Administration’s (VHA) national database of VHA users evaluated for COVID-19 infection (3/1/2020–8/25/2020), we examined whether census tract neighborhood characteristics (percent households overcrowded, without complete plumbing, without kitchen plumbing, and neighborhood socioeconomic status [n-SES]) mediated racial disparities in COVID-19 infection, using inverse odds-weighted logistic models controlling for individual-level characteristics. Using moderated mediation analyses, we assessed whether neighborhood mediating effects on disparities differed for those residing in counties containing/near federally recognized tribal lands (i.e., Contract Health Service Delivery Area [CHSDA] counties) versus not. Results The percent of households without complete plumbing, percent without kitchen plumbing, and n-SES partially mediated AI/AN-White-non-Hispanic COVID-19 infection disparities (accounting for 17–35% of disparity) to a similar extent in CHSDA and non-CHSDA counties. The percent of households without kitchen plumbing had stronger mediating effects for CHSDA than non-CHSDA residents. Conclusions Neighborhood-level social determinants of health may contribute to the disproportionate COVID-19 infection burden on AI/ANs; differences are exacerbated among AI/ANs living near reservations.

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“…A culturally sensitive and ethically acceptable use of digital technologies based on democratic and transparency principles could be co-developed in cooperation with the country's research academic body and a variety of communities in Greece that could benefit from such interventions [51][52][53]. Acceptance, usefulness, impact and the various effects of CT in time-spatial variations of the epidemic, should be documented and evaluated alongside epidemiological data and social determinants [54,55]. Promotion of a communitybased approach can build trust in public health services through inclusion and participation, increasing health literacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraisal of a Contact Tracing Training Program for COVID-19 in Greece Focusing on Vulnerable Populations

Riza

Kakalou

Nitsa

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: Contact tracing as an epidemiological strategy has repeatedly contributed to the containment of various past epidemics and succeeded in controlling the spread of disease in the community. Systematic training of contact tracers is crucial in ensuring the effectiveness of epidemic containment. Methods: An intensive training course was offered to 216 health and other professionals who work with vulnerable population groups, such as Roma, refugees, and migrants in Greece, by the scientific team of the postgraduate programme “Global Health-Disaster Medicine” of the Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, with the support of the Swiss embassy in Greece. The course was delivered online due to the pandemic restriction measures and was comprised of 16 h over 2 days. The course curriculum was adapted in Greek using, upon agreement, a similar training course to what was developed by the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. Evaluation of the course was conducted in order to determine the short term satisfaction from participating in this training course. Results: A total of 70% of the course participants completed the evaluation questionnaires and all trainers gave feedback on the course. The training modules were ranked as extremely useful by the majority of the participants and over 50% of the participants specifically stated that the course content was directly related to their work with vulnerable groups. Content about the ethics of contact tracing and the effective communication skills presented were deemed most useful. Conclusion: The course was well organised and provided the required skills for effective contact tracing. Many course participants intend to use some components in their work with vulnerable populations groups. Contact tracing efforts work best in a systematic and coordinated way and the provision of systematic and organised training can greatly increase its effectiveness.

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Structural Racism in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Moving Forward

Cited by 51 publications

References 131 publications

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Healthcare Personnel Who Generally Accept Vaccines

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Healthcare Personnel Who Generally Accept Vaccines

The Role of Community-Level Factors on Disparities in COVID-19 Infection Among American Indian/Alaska Native Veterans

Appraisal of a Contact Tracing Training Program for COVID-19 in Greece Focusing on Vulnerable Populations

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