Structural Properties of PbI&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Thin Film

Mohammed, Safaa I.; Ahmed, Naser M.; Al‐Douri, Y.; Hashim, U.

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.879.175

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…An increase in the annealing temperature allows tensile relaxation in the film and increases the ordering of (001) planer orientations leading to a relaxed film ( ε = 0.42%) as compared with the former case. [ 52 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the dominant (001) peak of 70 C annealed PbI 2 is found at slightly lower angle that deduces the compressive strained film. [51,52] Increase in the annealing temperature of PbI 2 films leads to reduction in FWHM, signifying the ordering of crystallographic planes during crystallization process and reduction in stacking faults. Appearance of diffraction peaks at slightly higher angle explains the adjustment in the lattice constant for release of tensile strain in the film.…”

Section: Morphological and Crystallographic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in the annealing temperature allows tensile relaxation in the film and increases the ordering of (001) planer orientations leading to a relaxed film (ε ¼ 0.42%) as compared with the former case. [52] Morphologies of the PbI 2 -K C films were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. As shown in Figure 2a, lead iodide film prepared from the conventional method (direct annealing at 70 C; PbI 2 -70 C) gives very poor surface properties with incomplete surface coverage having a large number of voids.…”

Section: Morphological and Crystallographic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Morphology and Crystallinity Amelioration of MAPbI₃ Perovskite in Virtue of PbI₂ Thermal Absorption Drifted Performance Enhancement in Planer n–i–p Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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Sequential deposition route is widely investigated in fabricating perovskite thin films for state‐of‐the‐art perovskite photovoltaics. However, concerns such as lower morphological control, phase purity, and remnant unreacted salts methylammonium iodide (MAI and PbI2) are raised, which can significantly deteriorate optoelectronic properties, hence the operational durability of the devices. Herein, a facile two‐step method to prepare high‐quality perovskite thin films with reproducibility is reported, as‐spun PbI2 is annealed at varying thermal input under controlled rate, and a trend in converted perovskite film properties is noted. Specifically, PbI2 thin film annealed at 200 °CC results in 20x intensified crystallinity with pinholes free and a subsequent reduction in the crystal microstrain. In addition, it provides higher surface roughness to load more MAI [in iso‐propyl alcohol (IPA)]; therefore, a higher perovskite conversion is achieved. This method enables a significant efficiency enhancement in the treated sample (Pero@PbI2‐200 °C) as compared with controlled film; it retains around 90% initial efficiency after 384 h of ambient exposure. Furthermore, a facile intermediate solvent treatment method to gain the complete conversion of PbI2 into perovskite is also reported. This study highlights the importance of morphological control in governing optoelectronic properties, hence the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphological and Crystallographic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphological and Crystallographic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Morphology and Crystallinity Amelioration of MAPbI₃ Perovskite in Virtue of PbI₂ Thermal Absorption Drifted Performance Enhancement in Planer n–i–p Solar Cells

et al. 2020

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“…XRD spectra of MAPI films prepared varying the chemical composition, are displayed in Figure 2. The diffractograms exhibit reflections which have been assigned to MAPI with perovskite structure [19,20,21,22,23] but also reflections associated to precursor materials such as the peaks in 2θ = 12.6° and 2θ = 26.3° that have been assigned to the PbI 2 hexagonal phase [24,25] and 2θ = 31.7° assigned to the MAI phase [26]; these results indicate that samples deposited with excess of MAI (ratio 1.5:1) present a mixture of the phases MAPI, MAI, and PbI 2 , while those with excess of PbI 2 (ratio 4.5:1 and 3:1) grow with a mixture of the phases MAPI and PbI 2 . However, we were able to grow samples of MAPI free of secondary phases using a PbI 2 /MAI thickness ratio close to 2.6:1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement Properties of Hybrid Halide Perovskite Thin Films Prepared by Sequential Evaporation for Planar Solar Cells

2019

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Thin films of CH3NH3PbI3 and (NH2)2CHPbI3 (from now on abbreviated as MAPI and FAPI respectively), with perovskite structure were prepared by sequential evaporation of lead iodide (PbI2) and methylammonium iodide (MAI) or formamidinium iodide (FAI), with special emphasis on the optimization of its optical, morphologic, and structural properties. For this, the evaporation process was automatically controlled with a system developed using virtual instrumentation (VI) that allows electronic control of both evaporation sources temperature and precursors deposition rates, using proportional integral derivative (PID) and pulse width modulation (PWM) control algorithms developed with the LabView software. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), information was obtained regarding the phase and crystalline structure of the studied samples as well as the effect of the main deposition parameters on crystallite size and microstrain. We also studied the influence of the main deposition parameters on the optical and morphological properties through measurements of spectral transmittance and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. It was found that the implemented method of sequential evaporation allows preparing, with a high degree of reproducibility, single phase MAPI and FAPI thin films with appropriate properties to be used as active layer in hybrid solar cells. The applicability of MAPI and FAPI thin films as active layer in photovoltaic devices has been demonstrated by using them in solar cells with structure: FTO/ZnO/MAPI(or FAPI)/P3HT/Au.

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Formation of lead iodide nanoparticles using the sol–gel method and their applications

Darekar,

Praveen

2024

Int. J. Mod. Phys. B

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Lead iodide (PbI[Formula: see text] nanoparticles in silica have been synthesized using the sol–gel method. The aqueous method of synthesis has been used for undoped PbI2 nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have been stabilized using thioglycerol acting as the capping agent. The narrow-sized PbI2 nanoparticles have been obtained, which are characterized by size-dependent properties. The PbI2 nanoparticles have been characterized and their properties have been investigated by using various experimental techniques like Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) Absorption Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Photoluminescence (PL), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), etc. The lateral dimension of PbI2 nanoparticles in silica varies from 9 Å to 27 Å. PbI2 thin films were deposited on silicon wafers by using the dip coating method and analyzed by using various characterization techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-rays (EDAX), Mapping, etc. The aim of this work is to synthesize PbI2 nanoparticles with a size less than or comparable to the Bohr diameter of the exciton. The characterization results showed that the cluster size increases with the increasing film thickness and by the heat treatment in air atmosphere. The PbI2 nanocrystals embedded in silica films have been studied in this paper. The PbI2 nanoparticles and the PbI2 sol–gel thin films can be used in optoelectronic device applications and chemical industrial applications. To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies on the synthesis of PbI2 nanoparticles in silica using the sol–gel route and on the preparation of PbI2 thin films using the dip coating method.

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Structural Properties of PbI<sub>2</sub> Thin Film

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Morphology and Crystallinity Amelioration of MAPbI₃ Perovskite in Virtue of PbI₂ Thermal Absorption Drifted Performance Enhancement in Planer n–i–p Solar Cells

Morphology and Crystallinity Amelioration of MAPbI₃ Perovskite in Virtue of PbI₂ Thermal Absorption Drifted Performance Enhancement in Planer n–i–p Solar Cells

Improvement Properties of Hybrid Halide Perovskite Thin Films Prepared by Sequential Evaporation for Planar Solar Cells

Formation of lead iodide nanoparticles using the sol–gel method and their applications

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Structural Properties of PbI<sub>2</sub> Thin Film

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Morphology and Crystallinity Amelioration of MAPbI3 Perovskite in Virtue of PbI2 Thermal Absorption Drifted Performance Enhancement in Planer n–i–p Solar Cells

Morphology and Crystallinity Amelioration of MAPbI3 Perovskite in Virtue of PbI2 Thermal Absorption Drifted Performance Enhancement in Planer n–i–p Solar Cells

Improvement Properties of Hybrid Halide Perovskite Thin Films Prepared by Sequential Evaporation for Planar Solar Cells

Formation of lead iodide nanoparticles using the sol–gel method and their applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Morphology and Crystallinity Amelioration of MAPbI₃ Perovskite in Virtue of PbI₂ Thermal Absorption Drifted Performance Enhancement in Planer n–i–p Solar Cells

Morphology and Crystallinity Amelioration of MAPbI₃ Perovskite in Virtue of PbI₂ Thermal Absorption Drifted Performance Enhancement in Planer n–i–p Solar Cells