Structural properties of emeraldine base and the role of water contents: X-ray diffraction and computer modelling study

Łużny, W.; Śniechowski, Maciej; Laska, Jadwiga

doi:10.1016/s0379-6779(01)00477-5

Cited by 49 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…3(b)]. This very broad diffraction is typical pattern of an amorphous phase 28. It was an indication that major portion of PANi homopolymer was consisted of an amorphous phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Synthesis and electrical properties of polyaniline/polyaniline grafted multiwalled carbon nanotube mixture via in situ static interfacial polymerization

Jeon

Tan

Baek

2010

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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The mixture of polyaniline (PANi) and PANi grafted multiwalled carbon nanotube (PANi‐g‐MWNT) was prepared by a two‐step reaction sequence. MWNT was first functionalized with 4‐aminobenzoic acid via “direct” Firedel‐Crafts acylation in polyphosphoric acid (PPA)/phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5) medium to afford 4‐aminobenzoyl‐functionalized MWNT (AF‐MWNT). Then, aniline was polymerized via an in situ static interfacial polymerization in H2O/CH2Cl2 in the presence of AF‐MWNT in organic phase to yield the mixture of PANi and PANi‐g‐MWNT. The mixture was characterized with a various analytical techniques such as elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cyclic voltammogram (CV), UV‐vis and fluorescence spectroscopies, and electrical conductivity measurement. On the basis of TGA analysis, the thermo‐oxidative stability of the mixture was markably improved compared to that of PANi homopolymer. Even after dedoping, in alkaline solution, the mixture would still display semimetallic conductivity (4.9 S/cm). The capacitance of the mixture was also greatly enhanced and its capacitance decay with respect to cycle times was significantly reduced. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1962–1972, 2010

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“…3(b)]. This very broad diffraction is typical pattern of an amorphous phase 28. It was an indication that major portion of PANi homopolymer was consisted of an amorphous phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Synthesis and electrical properties of polyaniline/polyaniline grafted multiwalled carbon nanotube mixture via in situ static interfacial polymerization

Jeon

Tan

Baek

2010

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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“…The doped samples, instead, apart from the already mentioned peaks a bit broadened and shifted towards higher energy, show an intense peak in the 9-11 eV region due to C-N 2p-σ state. [29][30][31] Another information, which can be related to the electrical characterization of thin films discussed in the following sections, is the valence band maximum (VBM) position. According to literature, the distance between the Xintercept, obtained with a linear fit on the descending part of the signal towards the 0 eV value, which corresponds to the Fermi Energy (EF) level, and the EF itself is the VBM value (reported in Table 2).…”

Section: DL % = 200*[s] / ([N]-[s])mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inkjet printed doped polyaniline: Navigating through physics and chemistry for the next generation devices

Bocchini

Castellino

Pina

et al. 2018

Applied Surface Science

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Innovative benzidine-free PANI-based inks for electrically conductive inkjet printed devices were developed and tested and the results compared with those obtained by traditional PANI. NMR investigations evidenced the presence of quinones and phenolic groups on the backbone of the innovative PANIs that are thought being responsible for the higher solubility in DMSO. A mechanism of reaction was proposed. The numerous characterizations (NMR, UV-Vis, FTIR, XPS and electrical investigations) allowed to compare protonation level, doping level, valence band maximum for both the type of PANI. The correlation among structural properties, printability, conductivity and solubility was discussed.

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“…The diffraction peak at 2 θ = 25° in the XRD pattern of BC-PANI confirms the formation of PANI. 49 In the case of BC-PANI-Cu, the diffraction peak of PANI shifted slightly to 24.2°. 50 This can be attributed to the effect of the copper salt on the polymerization of PANI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Production of conductive bacterial cellulose-polyaniline membranes in the presence of metal salts

Kim

Song

Silva

2019

Textile Research Journal

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This study presents a cost-effective method of enhancing the electrical conductivity and washing durability of bacterial cellulose (BC)-polyaniline (PANI) membrane by the addition of metal salt. In this study, two types of metal salts were tested: copper (II) sulfate and iron (II) sulfate. The optimal condition to produce BC-PANI-metal salt membranes was 0.05% (w/v) of copper (II) sulfate (copper salt). X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystallinity of BC-PANI increased after adding copper salt. According to the increased degree of crystallinity, the polymer chain structure of BC-PANI-copper salt (BC-PANI-Cu) was more organized than that of BC-PANI, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, this ordered structure of BC-PANI-Cu indicated enhanced electrical conductivity. Moreover, the addition of copper salt improved the electrical conductivity of BC-PANI to a level about 3.8 times higher than that of BC-PANI produced without metal salt, and it retained about 40% of its original electrical conductivity after three washing cycles. From the results, the addition of copper salt improved both the electrical conductivity and washing durability of the BC-PANI membrane.

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Structural properties of emeraldine base and the role of water contents: X-ray diffraction and computer modelling study

Cited by 49 publications

References 12 publications

Synthesis and electrical properties of polyaniline/polyaniline grafted multiwalled carbon nanotube mixture via in situ static interfacial polymerization

Synthesis and electrical properties of polyaniline/polyaniline grafted multiwalled carbon nanotube mixture via in situ static interfacial polymerization

Inkjet printed doped polyaniline: Navigating through physics and chemistry for the next generation devices

Production of conductive bacterial cellulose-polyaniline membranes in the presence of metal salts

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