Structural Performance of Accoya® Wood under Service Class 3 Conditions

Marcroft, Julian; Bongers, Ferry; Perez, Fernando; Alexander, John; Harrison, Ian

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7811-5_56

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Compared to untreated radiata pine especially the wet shear strength was much higher for acetylated wood. Owing to acetylation, it is known that several mechanical properties are less reduced in wet versus dry conditions compared to untreated wood (Hofferber et al 2006;Bongers et al 2014b). The percentage of wood failure, however, for several untreated and acetylated specimens was beneath the requirements of CEN/TS 13307-2 in dry condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased wet strength. For several mechanical properties, a less reduction is found in wet versus dry conditions compared to untreated wood (Bongers et al 2014b). This impacts the failure mechanism of testing bonded acetylated wood in wet condition.…”

Section: Bonding Of Acetylated Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In generally, the mechanical properties are affected due to (1) reduced equilibrium wood moisture content, (2) increased density, (3) reduced amount of fibres per volume due to its swollen state, and (4) the acetylation process involves a treatment at elevated temperatures under acid conditions that can result in a (minor) degradation of wood chemistry matrix (Dreher et al 1964;Larsson and Tillmann 1989;Bongers and Beckers 2003). For several mechanical properties, a less reduction is found in wet versus dry conditions compared to untreated wood (Bongers et al 2014b). .…”

Section: Bonding Of Acetylated Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, encouraged by the success of the two heavy loadbearing traffic bridges constructed using Accoya ® wood in Sneek in the Netherlands (Tjeerdsma and Bongers 2009;Jorissen and Lüning 2010), there is increasing interest in using acetylated wood in structural applications. Structural properties and introduction of a design guide have been reported by Bongers, Alexander and Marcroft (2014a;Bongers et al 2014b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bonding of acetylated wood

Bongers¹,

Meijerink²,

Lütkemeier

et al. 2016

International Wood Products Journal

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Through the modification of wood, various properties can be altered by chemical, physical or mechanical processes that influence the bonding quality and workability of gluing systems. This is evident for adhesion, pressing time, curing and glue line properties. Further, testing methods need to be evaluated on their applicability for determining the bonding quality of modified woods. In this paper, laboratory test results of non-load-bearing-laminated acetylated products are presented. The results are evaluated and discussed in respect to chemical composition, ultra-structure and other properties altered by the acetylation process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bonding Of Acetylated Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bonding Of Acetylated Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bonding of acetylated wood

Bongers¹,

Meijerink²,

Lütkemeier

et al. 2016

International Wood Products Journal

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show abstract

“…The consequences are reduced wood polarity and The literature on acetylation of wood is vast with many methods having been evaluated. The current commercial process treats dry wood with acetic anhydride under heat and pressure [1,2,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Although this process works quite well and the acetylated wood has some unique, beneficial properties, a significant problem is that only half the acetic anhydride reagent weight is attached to the wood with the other half becoming acetic acid (Figures 1(A-2), 2(B-3) and 3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Adhesive Bonding of Wood Chemically Modified with Either Acetic Anhydride or Butylene Oxide

Frihart

Brandon

Ibach

et al. 2021

Forests

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Determining adhesive bond performance for chemically modified wood is important not only for its commercial utility but also for understanding wood bond durability. Bulking modifications occupy space inside the cell wall, limiting the space available for water. We used two bulking modifications on yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.): acetylation (Ac), which bulks and converts a wood hydroxyl group to an ester, while butylene oxide (BO) also bulks the wood but preserves a hydroxyl group. Both result in lower water uptake; however, the loss of the hydroxyl group with Ac reduces the wood’s ability to form hydrogen and other polar bonds with the adhesives. On the other hand, the BO reaction replaces a hydroxyl group with another one along a hydrocarbon chain; thus, this product may not be harder to bond than the unmodified wood. We investigated how these chemical modifications of wood affect bond performance with four adhesives: resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF), melamine-formaldehyde (MF), emulsion polymer isocyanate (EPI), and epoxy. The ASTM D 905 bond shear strength for both dry and wet samples showed that the BO results were quite similar to the unmodified wood, but the MF and EPI performed poorly on Ac-modified wood, in contrast to the results with RF and epoxy.

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Effect of moisture on the edgewise flexural properties of acetylated and unmodified birch plywood: a comparison of strength, stiffness and brittleness properties

Wang,

Crocetti

et al. 2023

Eur. J. Wood Prod.

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Birch plywood has superior mechanical properties compared with that made from most softwoods. However, durability-related issues still limit the application of birch plywood in outdoor structures. A means to enhance its durability is to acetylate birch veneers before processing them into plywood. An earlier study showed that such acetylated birch plywood has equivalent mechanical properties to unmodified ones. However, there is a need to better understand the moisture effect on the mechanical properties of unmodified and acetylated birch plywood for a better design of structural birch plywood elements. Moreover, due to the pronounced in-plane anisotropy of plywood, extra concern should be given to the weakest load angle due to the weakest chain theory. In this study, acetylated and unmodified birch plywood specimens were conditioned in climate chambers under three different environments with a temperature of 20 °C and increasing relative humidity (RH) from 35 to 65% to 95%. Thereafter, their in-plane edgewise flexural properties with load-to-face grain angles of 0, 45, and 90 degrees were tested. The influence of both RH and measured moisture contents on bending strength and stiffness are then presented. Prediction formulas of mechanical properties with moisture contents are derived by performing linear regressions among test results. Variations of brittleness factors and brittleness indexes under various RH conditions and load-face grain angles were also studied.

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Structural Performance of Accoya® Wood under Service Class 3 Conditions

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Bonding of acetylated wood

Bonding of acetylated wood

Comparative Adhesive Bonding of Wood Chemically Modified with Either Acetic Anhydride or Butylene Oxide

Effect of moisture on the edgewise flexural properties of acetylated and unmodified birch plywood: a comparison of strength, stiffness and brittleness properties

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