Structural Overview and Morphotectonic Evolution of a Strike-Slip Fault in the Zone of North Almora Thrust, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

Joshi, L. M.; Pant, P. D.; Kotlia, Bahadur Singh; Kothyari, Girish Ch; Luirei, Khayingshing; Singh, Anoop

doi:10.1155/2016/6980943

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The locations of abnormal values identified during the analysis were matched with the locations of thrusts, identified on a 1:50,000 geological map of Valdiya (). We applied the GLA method for the entire Kali River basin, where previous studies (Joshi et al, ; Kothyari & Pant, ; Luirei, ; Luirei et al, ; Pant, Kothyari, & Luirei, ; Pathak et al, , ; Paul et al, ) have shown the active tectonic movements. The GLA magnitude anomaly shows that the uncertainties within the Kali Basin occur at the intersections between active thrusts/faults and river courses, also to correctly detect the active uplift in the area, attributed to the increased sedimentation and increased erosional rates (Žibret & Žibret, , ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

2019

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We have analysed the geomorphic signatures in aggregation with the geomorphic indices with respect to hinterland and foreland neotectonic variability across the major Himalayan thrust system along the Kali River valley of eastern Kumaun Himalaya. The valley floor morphology in the vicinity of the major thrust gave rise to the accommodation space for the aggradation of the recent fluvial sediments. For a longitudinal distance of 212 km between the South Tibet Detachment (STD)and Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), the valley has preserved significant aggradational landforms. These landforms have been physically examined to explain the spatial and temporal variability in phases of aggradation/incision in response to the tectonic activity during the late Quaternary. Fossil valleys and associated epigenetic gorges, cut-and-fill terraces with thick alluvial cover, debris-flow terraces, bedrock strath terraces, and alluvial fan terraces are the significant aggradational landforms observed within the valley. They provide signatures of tectonic activity and past climatic records. We have analysed various geomorphic indices, namely, stream-gradient index (SL), steepness index (Ks), hypsometric curve and index (HI), and asymmetric factor (AF) to map the spatial variability in tectonic processes across the major thrusts. The channel morphology (depth and width) of a river becomes adjusted in geological time because of long-term tectonic and erosional processes. However, the channel geometry and deviations can be highly adjustable in a tectonically disturbed mountainous region. The deviations along the river course can be attributed to active tectonic movement along thrusts/faults or because of erosion/sedimentation processes. We applied a novel method called the river Gradient Length Anomaly (GLA) for 37 subbasins of the Kali River to deduce active deformation (uplift/subsidence) corresponding to the increased sedimentation and erosional rates, both from the upstream and downstream parts of the thrusted blocks, from where river flows through. The results of basin-wise morphometric indices were corroborated with GLA anomaly and field observations, which suggests that the area has undergone active deformation between the Main Central Thrust (MCT) and Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), which is attributed to the regional compression. The results of geomorphic and morphometric data are validated with the focal mechanisms of moderate earthquakes. The geomorphic analysis suggests that the hinterland part of eastern Kumaun is more active than the foreland region.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

2019

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“…Fine-scale geomorphology being another proxy that connotes the effects of active tectonic activities and seismological perturbances in the surface has also been taken as one of the exploratory variables of flood susceptibility, but it has previously been ignored in flood susceptibility modeling community. Some of the geomorphic markers mapped in this area which represent effects of active tectonic activity include 1) asymmetrical meander belts (Leeder and Alexander, 1987), 2) abrupt scarp faces, 3) highly sinuous mountain fronts (Taloor et al, 2019), 4) unpaired terraces (Joshi et al, 2016), 5) unilateral migration (Latrubesse, 2015), 6) shifted fan lobes and terraces (Jolley et al, 1990), etc.…”

Section: Flood Predictorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood Susceptibility Modeling in a Subtropical Humid Low-Relief Alluvial Plain Environment: Application of Novel Ensemble Machine Learning Approach

et al. 2021

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This study has developed a new ensemble model and tested another ensemble model for flood susceptibility mapping in the Middle Ganga Plain (MGP). The results of these two models have been quantitatively compared for performance analysis in zoning flood susceptible areas of low altitudinal range, humid subtropical fluvial floodplain environment of the Middle Ganga Plain (MGP). This part of the MGP, which is in the central Ganga River Basin (GRB), is experiencing worse floods in the changing climatic scenario causing an increased level of loss of life and property. The MGP experiencing monsoonal subtropical humid climate, active tectonics induced ground subsidence, increasing population, and shifting landuse/landcover trends and pattern, is the best natural laboratory to test all the susceptibility prediction genre of models to achieve the choice of best performing model with the constant number of input parameters for this type of topoclimatic environmental setting. This will help in achieving the goal of model universality, i.e., finding out the best performing susceptibility prediction model for this type of topoclimatic setting with the similar number and type of input variables. Based on the highly accurate flood inventory and using 12 flood predictors (FPs) (selected using field experience of the study area and literature survey), two machine learning (ML) ensemble models developed by bagging frequency ratio (FR) and evidential belief function (EBF) with classification and regression tree (CART), CART-FR and CART-EBF, were applied for flood susceptibility zonation mapping. Flood and non-flood points randomly generated using flood inventory have been apportioned in 70:30 ratio for training and validation of the ensembles. Based on the evaluation performance using threshold-independent evaluation statistic, area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve, 14 threshold-dependent evaluation metrices, and seed cell area index (SCAI) meant for assessing different aspects of ensembles, the study suggests that CART-EBF (AUCSR = 0.843; AUCPR = 0.819) was a better performant than CART-FR (AUCSR = 0.828; AUCPR = 0.802). The variability in performances of these novel-advanced ensembles and their comparison with results of other published models espouse the need of testing these as well as other genres of susceptibility models in other topoclimatic environments also. Results of this study are important for natural hazard managers and can be used to compute the damages through risk analysis.

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“…Values corroborate the field evidence suggesting that this segment of the Himalayan mountain front is tectonically active. Joshi et al (2016) studied the NNW-SSE trending dextral strike-slip fault Raintoli fault (RF) that runs parallel to the North Almora thrust (NAT) along the Saryu valley from Seraghat-Naichun to Seri in the central sector of the Kumaon Himalaya, India. Reactivation along RF with oblique-slip was observed using various geomorphic indicators.…”

Section: Kumaon Himalayamentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Tectonics and Geomorphological Studies in India During 2012-2016

Mukul

Singh²

2016

Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy

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This article reviews the literature on tectonic geomorphological studies in India published in peer reviewed journals between 2012-2016. The northward drift of the Indian plate and its collision with the Eurasian plate results in compressive stresses in Indian subcontinent. Based on the broad morphotectonic setup the studies are categorised into the Himalaya and the Indian Peninsula. Studies in the Himalaya mainly demonstrate that most of the deformation during Holocene has occurred in the sub-Himalaya and especially along the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT). Evidences of active tectonics is also reported from several parts of the Himalaya which also includes the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) zone. The impact of active tectonics on the geomorphology along the active faults is also investigated in several areas of the Himalaya. In the Indian Peninsula Narmada-Son fault, Tapti fault and Katrol hill fault are shown to be active on the basis of sedimentological and geomorphological investigations.

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Structural Overview and Morphotectonic Evolution of a Strike-Slip Fault in the Zone of North Almora Thrust, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

Cited by 15 publications

References 56 publications

Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

Flood Susceptibility Modeling in a Subtropical Humid Low-Relief Alluvial Plain Environment: Application of Novel Ensemble Machine Learning Approach

Active Tectonics and Geomorphological Studies in India During 2012-2016

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