Structural Organization and Neuropeptide Distribution in the Mammalian Enteric Nervous System, with Special Attention to Those Components Involved in Mucosal Reflexes

Timmermans, Jean‐Pierre; Adriaensen, Dirk; Cornelissen, W.; Scheuermann, D.W.

doi:10.1016/s0300-9629(96)00314-3

Cited by 125 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…These neurons have been described as inhibitory motor neurons, suppressing muscular relaxation, and as cholinergic and non-cholinergic interneurons [5,10,34,35]. There is no dates in the literature reporting changes in PACAP-ergic nervous system in the course of cancer of the large intestine in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also NPY is present in postganglionic cholinergic vasoconstrictor nerves. Inhibitory motor neurons and cholinergic interneurons have been located in the myenteric plexus in both the small and large intestine of the guinea pig [10,27,37,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been shown that PACAP is a neurotransmitter suppressing the contraction of the intestinal muscle, and in the region of the mucous membrane it cause increases of intestinal secretion [7]. It is also known that NPY inhibits contraction of the intestinal muscle, probably by suppressing the cholinergic transmission and also in the intestinal wall there are postganglionic nerve fibres containing NPY which innervate the submucosal arterioles, producing their constriction [8][9][10]. Investigations of the enteric nervous system in inflammatory diseases of the large intestine have shown morphological changes in this system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and neuropeptide Y-ergic structures of the enteric nervous system in the carcinoma of the human large intestine.

Godlewski

Łakomy²

2010

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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This investigation was aimed at immunohistochemical analysis of potential changes in the enteric nervous system caused by cancer of the large intestine. In this purpose, neurons and nerve fibers of intestinal plexuses containing neuropeptides: vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), in pathologically changed part of the large intestine were microscpically observed and compared. Samples were taken from patients operated due to cancer of the sigmoid colon and rectum. The number of neurons and density of nerve fibres containing neuropeptides found in sections with cancer tissues were compared to those observed in sections from the uninvolved intestinal wall. Changes relating to reductions in the number of NPY-ergic neurons and density of nerve fibres in submucous and myenteric plexuses in the sections with cancer tissues (pathological sections) were statistically significant. A statistically similar presence of VIP-ergic and PACAP-ergic neurons in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses was observed in both the pathological and control sections. On the other hand, in the pathological sections, VIP-ergic nerve fibres in the myenteric plexuses and PACAP-ergic nerve fibres in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses were found to be less dense. Analysis revealed changes in pathologically affected part of the large intestine may caused disruption of proper intestinal function. Observed changes in the neural elements which are responsible for relaxation of the intestine may suggest dysfunction in the innervation of this part of the colon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and neuropeptide Y-ergic structures of the enteric nervous system in the carcinoma of the human large intestine.

Godlewski

Łakomy²

2010

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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“…In recent decade, the enteric nervous system (ENS) is the largest division of the autonomic nervous system, because it can perform its function independently from the central nervous system [7,20,44]. It consists of local nerve networks embedded in the gut wall and is subdivided into two ganglionated plexuses, i.e., the submucosal and myenteric plexuses [40,44]. The ENS mediates complex reflex activities involving intestinal motility, mucosal transportation and blood flow [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been known that the myenteric plexus primarily provides motor innervation to the two muscular layers and secremotor innervation to the mucosa [15,44].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Changes of Calbindin D-28k-Immunoreactive Neurons in the Myenteric Plexus of Gerbil Duodenum

Choi

Lee

Chung

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. We examined the age-related changes of calbindin D-28k (CB)-immunoreactive neurons and overall populations of neurons in the myenteric plexus of gerbil duodenum using whole mount preparations and immunohistochemistry. The circumference of duodenum increased age-dependently. CB-immunoreactive neurons were observed in all groups, and most of them had the Dogiel type II morphology. The fully developed cobweb-like structures were observed in the myenteric plexus of duodenum at postnatal month (PM) 3 to 24. Although the highest numbers of CB-immunoreactive neurons and overall population were observed in PM 1.5, it is related with significant increase of the size of circumference between PM 1.5 to PM 3. CB-immunoreactive neurons were slightly decreased with age between PM 3 to PM 24. We have also found that whole numbers of myenteric neurons were also significantly decreased in PM 24 group. These results suggest that loss of overall numbers of myenteric neurons and CB-immunoreactive neurons may be related with age-related neurodegeneration and functional loss of duodenum in the gerbil. KEY WORDS: aging, calbindin, duodenum, gerbil, myenteric plexus.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 70(4): 343-348, 2008 The autonomic nervous system is divided into two divisions, e.g. parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system. In recent decade, the enteric nervous system (ENS) is the largest division of the autonomic nervous system, because it can perform its function independently from the central nervous system [7,20,44]. It consists of local nerve networks embedded in the gut wall and is subdivided into two ganglionated plexuses, i.e., the submucosal and myenteric plexuses [40,44]. The ENS mediates complex reflex activities involving intestinal motility, mucosal transportation and blood flow [7]. In electrophysiological studies, the majority of the enteric neurons could be placed in one of two classes: synaptic neurons or after-hyperpolarizing (AH) neurons [21,22,26,29,34].The myenteric plexus lies between the longitudinal and circular muscular layers and extends entire length of the gut. It has been known that the myenteric plexus primarily provides motor innervation to the two muscular layers and secremotor innervation to the mucosa [15,44].Calbindin D-28k (CB), one of the calcium binding proteins, plays an important role as an intracellular facilitator of calcium diffusion or as a modulator of neurotransmission [3,4,16,17]. In neurons, action potentials are also carried in part by inward calcium current [22,26,34]. It has been reported that AH neurons were sensory neurons because these neurons lacked fast excitatory synaptic inputs [21,22,26,29,34]. More recently, with the help of the combination of the electrophysiological and immunohistochemical methods, it has been identified that the AH neurons had Dogiel type II morphology [14,18,26].Although the distribution of CB-containing neuronal system has been reported upon the forebrain [11,23,24], comprehensive knowledge about the maturation of CB neurons in myenteri...

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Mucosal projections of enteric neurons in the porcine small intestine

et al. 2000

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In the present study, a combination of immunohistochemistry and retrograde 1,1`‐didodecyl‐3,3,3`,3`‐tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) tracing was used to unravel the morphology, distribution, and neurochemical coding of submucous and myenteric neurons with axonal projections to the mucosa of the porcine small intestine. The majority of traced neurons was located in the inner submucous plexus (ISP; 78%), whereas the remaining part was distributed between the outer submucous plexus (OSP; 10%) and myenteric plexus (MP; 12%). Among these traced neurons, some distinct neuronal populations could be distinguished according to their morphologic and neurochemical properties. In the ISP, several types of traced neurons were detected: 1) morphologic type II neurons expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity, and substance P (SP) immunoreactivity; 2) ChAT/SP‐immunoreactive (‐IR) small neurons; 3) vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ‐IR small neurons; and 4) multidendritic ChAT/somatostatin (SOM) ‐IR neurons. The traced neuronal populations of the OSP and MP were similar to each other. In both plexuses, the following DiI‐labelled neurons were found: 1) ChAT/CGRP/(SP)‐IR type II neurons; 2) multidendritic ChAT/SP‐IR neurons; and 3) multidendritic ChAT/SOM‐IR neurons. Comparison of the present findings with previously obtained data concerning the mucosal innervation pattern of the intestine of small mammals, revealed significant species differences with respect to the morphologic and neurochemical features of the involved enteric neuronal classes. Although not identical, a closer resemblance between pig and human enteric nervous system seems to be at hand, as far as the anatomic organization and the presence of neurochemically identified neuronal subtypes within the enteric nervous system are concerned. J. Comp. Neurol. 421:429–436, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Structural Organization and Neuropeptide Distribution in the Mammalian Enteric Nervous System, with Special Attention to Those Components Involved in Mucosal Reflexes

Cited by 125 publications

References 58 publications

Changes in vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and neuropeptide Y-ergic structures of the enteric nervous system in the carcinoma of the human large intestine.

Changes in vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and neuropeptide Y-ergic structures of the enteric nervous system in the carcinoma of the human large intestine.

Age-Related Changes of Calbindin D-28k-Immunoreactive Neurons in the Myenteric Plexus of Gerbil Duodenum

Mucosal projections of enteric neurons in the porcine small intestine

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