All rights reserved.iv DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my late uncle, Giuseppe (Joseph) Agoglia, anItalian immigrant who came to America at the age of two in 1915. He tinkered with all things technical, an inventor out of necessity, and eventually an engineer by trade, but most of all, a dreamer of the future and the technical wonders it would hold and the achievements man would make with his new technologies. In all ways, he was a true engineer, with logical thought, mechanical aptitude, mathematical calculation, and wisdom gained through mentoring and experience. He did not have the opportunity to obtain an engineering degree, denied him by the culture, economics and politics of his time. Nonetheless, I still consider him more of an engineer than most graduates with an engineering degree.I remember him for teaching me to understand how and why things worked, but more importantly I remember his excitement when we talked about the latest scientific achievements. It was that excitement that led me to my profession in engineering. I knew that my uncle was proud when I received my undergraduate engineering degree. Now, I regret that he was not still alive to see me accomplish my doctoral degree. I reflect on this not out of desire for admiration, but rather because I understand now he would also be getting his doctoral degree, not in reality, but through me, someone he profoundly touched.