Structural, Optical, Magnetic and Photon Attenuation of Novel Potassium Lead Borate Glasses Doped with MnO

Abstract

Potassium lead borate glasses doped with MnO (40B 2 O 3 +40PbO+(20-x)K 2 O+xMnO: x= 0-5 mol%) have been prepared via standard melting quenching process. The impact of MnO on the structure, optical, magnetic and gamma-ray protection properties of pottisium lead borate glasses have been examined. The density was increased from 4.83±0.01 to 5.23±0.01 g/cm 3 as MnO content increased. The obtained direct optical gap (E g ) values were 2.84, 2.59, 2.41, 2.19, 1.95, and 1.84 eV for the Mn-x (x=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) glass samples, respectively. FTIR spectra demonstrated that as the MnO concentration increases in the glass network the intensity and width of the IR bands were increased. The magnetic measurement revealed that the magnetic situation (M s ) was decreased while the magnetic coercivity (H c ) was increased with increasing MnO substitution ratio. The linear attenuation coefficient of the 𝜇 𝑀𝑛−𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 follows the order: µ Mn-0 < µ Mn-1 < µ Mn-2 < µ Mn-3 < µ Mn-4 < µ Mn-5 . Half value layer (HVL) rises as µ decreases and vice versa. The range of the HVL is 0.002 -3.378, 0.002 -3.334, 0.002 -3.291, 0.002 -3.248, 0.002 -3.176, and 0.002 -3.106 cm for 1,2,3,4, and5). The trend of Z eff variation is related to that of both linear and mass attenuation coefficients (µ and µ m ). The produced Mn-glasses can be employed in a variety of optical, magnetic and radiation protective applications.

Manganese addition effect on structural and physical properties of calcium borovanadate glasses

“…The increase in the number of non-bridging oxygen is due to the conversion of [BO 3 ] units to [BO 4 ], this conversion has already been reported in the density results. The same behavior of gap energy as a function of manganese has been observed in the MnO 2 –ZnO–B 2 O 3 glass system [ 89 ] and in various previously published studies [ 45 , 84 , 90 ].

Fig.

…”

“…Several investigations on borate manganese glasses [ 41 , 45 , 46 ] and other glasses containing manganese [ [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] ], have demonstrated the same tendency in the evolution of density and molar volume with the manganese oxides obtained in this work.…”

“…Moreover, the spectra revealed a very small conventional band located at about 467 cm −1 assigned to vibrations of the Mn–O bond [ 45 , [68] , [69] , [70] ]. In general, several very small bands were detected below 500 cm −1 , because of the vibrational bands of metal cations [ 69 , 71 ].…”

“…We also assume that manganese ions introduced into the borate structure will occupy interstitial positions between the conduction and valence bands and act like a modifier that leads to a reduction in Eg values [ [85] , [86] , [87] ]. The increase in the number of non-bridging oxygen atoms (NBO) that have a high light absorption capacity, also results in a reduction in the optical band gap [ 45 , 86 , 88 ]. The increase in the number of non-bridging oxygen is due to the conversion of [BO 3 ] units to [BO 4 ], this conversion has already been reported in the density results.…”