Structural, optical and NTCR properties of Ca doped ZnO ceramics

Effects of Lithium Salt on Optical and Structural Properties of ZnO Thin Films

“…The crystallite size decreased with more Li + percentage. This can be explained by the incorporation of the Li + , which hinders the growth of the crystallite [22].…”

“…The Kubelka-Munk method for band gap does not use the thickness (d) for the films but rather estimates the absorption coefficient using the reflectance values obtained in the UV-Vis characterization. Using the α value estimated by the K-M relation, the thickness is calculated [22]. As the doping values increased, there was a decrease in the band gap values.…”

“…Research has achieved that by adding materials that reduce the band gap by aligning the valence and conduction bands of the ZnO closer to the electron-occupied sites of the doping materials [19][20][21]. Authors have added ions such as Mg 2+ to change the optical properties of the ZnO, such as the Urbach Energy [22]. The authors [22] observed that by increasing a dopant in the ZnO structure, the band gap decreased, which can be attributed to effects on the lattice strain and structural parameters.…”

“…Authors have added ions such as Mg 2+ to change the optical properties of the ZnO, such as the Urbach Energy [22]. The authors [22] observed that by increasing a dopant in the ZnO structure, the band gap decreased, which can be attributed to effects on the lattice strain and structural parameters. The Mg 2+ increased the localized states within the band gap of the semiconductor zinc oxide layer.…”