“…However, E g decreased at doping concentrations 6% and 9% Co and this may be due to high number of defects in the structure at this high doping concentration. This behavior agrees well with that in reference [17]. The energy values of Urbach, which is the energy of extra levels (tails levels), are associated with the XRD characteristics are recorded in Table 2.…”
Section: Optical Propertiessupporting
confidence: 90%
“…Cobalt is already used as a dopant in COTF by many researchers recently [15,16,17] due to: (a) similarity in ionic radii between Co (0.082 nm) and Cu (0.096 nm) [18], (b) it's reported to be one among the primary nonprecious metal catalyst with properties quite almost similar to that of platinum [15].…”
In this work, Co doped copper oxide (II) thin films (COTF) were deposited by chemical spray pyrolysis method. Structural analyses have confirmed monoclinic polycrystalline for COTF deposited at 400 ºC substrate temperature. Compared with pure COTF, Co-doped samples showed larger grain size with distortion in the structure. With the increase of doping concentration the structure changes to amorphous. Bandgap energy was 2.45 eV before doping and 2.6 eV at 3% doping and began to decrease with increasing doping concentration. Activation energy was found to be 0.24 eV and it decrease with increase of doping. The Co (6%) doped-COTF are deposited on silicon substrate to fabricate CuO-Si heteroـ junction.
“…However, E g decreased at doping concentrations 6% and 9% Co and this may be due to high number of defects in the structure at this high doping concentration. This behavior agrees well with that in reference [17]. The energy values of Urbach, which is the energy of extra levels (tails levels), are associated with the XRD characteristics are recorded in Table 2.…”
Section: Optical Propertiessupporting
confidence: 90%
“…Cobalt is already used as a dopant in COTF by many researchers recently [15,16,17] due to: (a) similarity in ionic radii between Co (0.082 nm) and Cu (0.096 nm) [18], (b) it's reported to be one among the primary nonprecious metal catalyst with properties quite almost similar to that of platinum [15].…”
In this work, Co doped copper oxide (II) thin films (COTF) were deposited by chemical spray pyrolysis method. Structural analyses have confirmed monoclinic polycrystalline for COTF deposited at 400 ºC substrate temperature. Compared with pure COTF, Co-doped samples showed larger grain size with distortion in the structure. With the increase of doping concentration the structure changes to amorphous. Bandgap energy was 2.45 eV before doping and 2.6 eV at 3% doping and began to decrease with increasing doping concentration. Activation energy was found to be 0.24 eV and it decrease with increase of doping. The Co (6%) doped-COTF are deposited on silicon substrate to fabricate CuO-Si heteroـ junction.
“…The average particle size is 51.57 nm calculated using Scherrer’s formula. 25 Figure 4.SEM image of MgO–ZnO nanolubricant.Figure 5.EDAX spectra of MgO–ZnO nanoparticle.…”
The interfacial friction between tool and workpiece is unpredictable in the micromanufacturing process. It has a major influence on process workability, which determines product formability. In this study, the microtribological behavior of MgO–ZnO mixed metal oxide nanoadditive lubricant with dry friction is investigated in the microextrusion process. In the microextrusion of aluminum 6063 gear, the extrusion force reduced significantly upon using the nanoadditive lubricant. The surface roughness result shows the improved surface quality due to the existence of nanoadditives in the micromanufacturing process. The quantitative deviation due to interfacial friction is resolved with different coefficients by performing the numerical evaluation. This research contributes to the fundamental understanding about the tribological and mechanical behavior of nanoadditive lubricant in the microextrusion process and facilitates in minimizing the interfacial friction.
“…The CuO-NPs are mostly used as catalysts, polymer reinforcing agents, semiconductors, solar cells, magnetic storage media, water disinfectants, gas sensors, emission devices, and food packaging materials [ 104 ]. Many methods are employed for the fabrication of CuO-NPs, such as microwave [ 105 ], auto-combustion [ 106 ], electrochemical [ 107 ], and thermal decomposition [ 108 ]. Nanocomposites have been synthesized by adding CuO-NPs, chitosan nanofibers, and bacterial nanofibers using the chemical precipitation method [ 109 ].…”
Section: Metal Oxide Nanoparticles For Food Packaging Applicationmentioning
Nanoparticles (NPs) have acquired significance in technological breakthroughs due to their unique properties, such as size, shape, chemical composition, physiochemical stability, crystal structure, and larger surface area. There is a huge demand for packaging materials that can keep food fresher for extended periods of time. The incorporation of nanoscale fillers in the polymer matrix would assists in the alleviation of packaging material challenges while also improving functional qualities. Increased barrier properties, thermal properties like melting point and glass transition temperatures, and changed functionalities like surface wettability and hydrophobicity are all features of these polymers containing nanocomposites. Inorganic nanoparticles also have the potential to reduce the growth of bacteria within the packaging. By incorporating nano-sized components into biopolymer-based packaging materials, waste material generated during the packaging process may be reduced. The different inorganic nanoparticles such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, silver, and gold are the most preferred inorganic nanoparticles used in food packaging. Food systems can benefit from using these packaging materials and improve physicochemical and functional properties. The compatibility of inorganic nanoparticles and their various forms with different polymers make them excellent components for package fortification. This review article describes the various aspects of developing and applying inorganic nanoparticles in food packaging. This study provides diverse uses of metals and metal oxides nanoparticles in food packaging films for the development of improved packaging films that can extend the shelf life of food products. These packaging solutions containing nanoparticles would effectively preserve, protect, and maintain the quality of the food material.
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