Structural Modifications in the Stratum corneum by Effect of Different Solubilizing Agents: A Study Based on High-Resolution Low-Temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy

López, Olga; Walther, P.; Cócera, M.; Maza, Alfons de la; Coderch, L.; Parra, J. L.

doi:10.1159/000029932

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Electron spin resonance (Yagi , et al ., 2007), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) (Berthaud , et al ., 2011), and scanning EM (Lopez , et al ., 2000) show that lamellar bilayer organization changes in the outer SC, attributed (incorrectly) to the imbibement of sebaceous lipids. We observed here instead splitting of multi-layered stacks of lamellar bilayers into single or double membrane arrays, which likely account for these previously-observed changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Changes that Accompany Shedding of Human Corneocytes

Lin

Crumrine

Ackerman

et al. 2012

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Corneocyte desquamation has been ascribed to either: 1) proteolytic degradation of corneodesmosomes (CD); 2) disorganization of extracellular lamellar bilayers; and/or 3) ‘swell-shrinkage-slough’ (SSS) from hydration/dehydration. To address the cellular basis for normal exfoliation, we compared changes in lamellar bilayer architecture and CD structure in DSquame® strips from the 1st vs. 5th stripping (‘outer’ vs. ‘mid’-stratum corneum [SC], respectively) from 9 normal adult forearms. Strippings were either processed for standard EM or for ruthenium (Ru-V)- or osmium-tetroxide (Os-V) vapor fixation, followed by immediate epoxy embedment, an artifact-free protocol that to our knowledge is previously unreported. CDs are largely intact in the mid-SC, but replaced by electron-dense (hydrophilic) clefts (lacunae) that expand laterally, splitting lamellar arrays in the outer SC. Some undegraded DSG1/DSC1 redistribute uniformly into corneocyte envelopes (CEs) in the outer SC (shown by proteomics, Z-stack confocal imaging and immunoEM). CEs then thicken, likely facilitating exfoliation by increasing corneocyte rigidity. In vapor-fixed images, hydration only altered the volume of the extracellular compartment, expanding lacunae further separating membrane arrays. During dehydration, air replaced water, maintaining the expanded extracellular compartment. Hydration also provoked degradation of membranes by activating contiguous acidic ceramidase activity. Together, these studies identify several parallel mechanisms that orchestrate exfoliation from the surface of normal human skin.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Changes that Accompany Shedding of Human Corneocytes

Lin

Crumrine

Ackerman

et al. 2012

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, we find that the measured surface area is about 20% less than previously reported, a fact that is may be attributed to organic solvents used in the referred study (5). It was shown by SEM that organic solvents perturb the integrity of the SC (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic force microscopy as an innovative tool for nanoanalysis of native stratum corneum

Gorzelanny

Goerge

Schnaeker

et al. 2006

Experimental Dermatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study demonstrates an innovative application of atomic force microscopy (AFM). The combination of high-resolution AFM technology and tape stripping is presented as a tool for the structure analysis of human stratum corneum (SC) at a nanometer scale. Topographic images with a vertical resolution of about 10 nm of the SC are presented. Topographical and structural differences between aged and young skin can be observed. Aged skin SC is characterized by an increased single-cell surface area, prominent intercellular gaps and enhanced cell surface roughness. The use of AFM in combination with other already established methods, e.g. tape stripping in the field of dermatological research will give new insights to the structure, function and morphodynamics of SC.

show abstract

“…Such studies have been previously carried out on various occasions using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) [7][8][9]. Despite the demands for highest quality, usually electron microscopic techniques show some deficiencies for the characterisation of the corneocyte surface structures [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Ultra-Structure and Size of Human Corneocytes from Upper Stratum Corneum Layers of Normal and Diabetic Subjects with Discussion of Cohesion Aspects

Licht¹,

Heise²

2015

J Diabetes Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: During the final stage of differentiation of cornified squamous epithelia like the human skin epidermis, anucleated corneocytes are formed. Formation of the horny layer and its ongoing desquamation are fundamental processes leading to the formation of an efficient epidermal barrier. Materials and methods:For a better understanding of the desquamation process, the role of corneocyte surface ultra-structure has been investigated using a special preparation technique for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Human morphologically different corneocytes from the stratum corneum of the fingertip, the thenar eminence (thick skin), and the wrist below the carpus (thin skin) of normal and diabetic subjects were obtained by adhesive tape stripping. Results:The inside surface structure of corneocytes from thick skin shows prominent nubs, which are broader and more extended than those of thin skin. Towards their outside, corneocytes were flat with cavities as indentations of the nubs from neighboured cells providing clues on the mechanical strength of the 'intercellular stickiness'. As the size of thin skin corneocytes for diabetic subjects was also studied, it was found that their area was slightly nonlinearly dependent on age.Conclusion: Accordingly to a reduced proliferation and differentiation rate, as postulated for diabetic persons, differences in size were as expected but statistically not significant, compared with corneocytes under normal homeostasis conditions. For discussion is a model, for which the interwoven cellular connectivity provides additional mechanical strength for the stratum corneum in thick skin.

show abstract

Structural Modifications in the Stratum corneum by Effect of Different Solubilizing Agents: A Study Based on High-Resolution Low-Temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Cellular Changes that Accompany Shedding of Human Corneocytes

Cellular Changes that Accompany Shedding of Human Corneocytes

Atomic force microscopy as an innovative tool for nanoanalysis of native stratum corneum

Surface Ultra-Structure and Size of Human Corneocytes from Upper Stratum Corneum Layers of Normal and Diabetic Subjects with Discussion of Cohesion Aspects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About