Structural modification of polymer films by ion irradiation

Calcagno, L.; Compagnini, Giuseppe; Fóti, G.

doi:10.1016/0168-583x(92)95077-5

Cited by 381 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Thin foils, 2 m thick and with density 1.35 g/cm 3 , have been bombarded with 0.61 MeV/amu 4 He ϩ , 12 C 2ϩ , 16 O 3ϩ , 32 S 3ϩ , 79 Br 9ϩ , and 127 I 14ϩ ions from the Uppsala 6 MV EN-tandem accelerator. The ion fluences ranged from 10 10 to 3ϫ10 15 cm Ϫ2 , and the beam current density varied from 35 nA/cm 2 for the ion with the lowest stopping power ͑He͒ to less than 100 pA/cm 2 in the case of ions with a large dE/dx.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These basic events can lead to polymer bond breaking, free radicals, excited species, volatiles and a series of emerging complex secondary chemical processes that gradually and continuously modify the polymer structure and its physical properties. [1][2][3] Although the specific effects of irradiation on the physical and chemical structure of these materials will depend strongly on parameters such as ion mass, energy, stopping power, flux, and original chemical structure of the targets, a number of typical irradiation effects as a function of dose, or energy fluence, can be identified. At low doses ͑Ͻ10 21 eV/cm 3 ͒ modification of the polymer molecular weight distribution, 4 degree of crystallinity and thermal properties [5][6][7] are the most pronounced effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At middle doses the polymer molecular structure is modified to a large extent due to preferential loss of heteroatoms and bond rearrangement. 3,[5][6][7][8]10 At this stage infrared and optical absorption properties are strongly modified. With further irradiation the material continues to evolve culminating at high doses ͑Ͼ10 24 eV/cm 3 ͒ with the formation of a carbon rich material generally described as hydrogenated amorphous carbon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] The fundamental interaction mechanisms between projectiles and target atoms are ion-screened nuclei and inelastic ion-electron collisions which generate atomic displacements and electronic ionization or excitation. These basic events can lead to polymer bond breaking, free radicals, excited species, volatiles and a series of emerging complex secondary chemical processes that gradually and continuously modify the polymer structure and its physical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical damage in poly(phenylene sulphide) from fast ions: Dependence on the primary-ion stopping power

et al. 1996

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Thin poly͑phenylene sulphide͒ foils were bombarded with fast atomic ions ͑ 4 He, 12 C, 16 O, 32 S, 79 Br, 127 I͒ in the energy range between 2.5 to 78 MeV. In order to maintain the same ion track size for all impacting ions, their initial velocity was kept constant at 1.1 cm/ns. Under these conditions the deposited energy density in a single ion track changes as a result of the varying stopping power (dE/dx) of the projectiles in the material. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy were used to characterize the irradiated targets. Damage cross sections ͑ ͒ for different chemical bonds, such as C-S and ring C-C bonds, are extracted from the IR data. For all analyzed IR bands, the values of scale roughly with the square of dE/dx ͑energy density in a single ion track͒. The absorption of the irradiated samples in the visible and UV region increases as a function of fluence. The rate of increase of absorption at a particular wavelength scales also as (dE/dx) n with nϷ2. The observed nonlinear dependence of the damage cross sections on the deposited energy density is considered in the light of two models: a statistical model based on the fluctuations of the energy deposited by the primary ions ͑hit theory͒ and an activation ͑thermal spike͒ model. It is found that the damage cross section is not determined directly by the initial deposited energy density distribution. The best agreement between experiment and theory is obtained when transport of the deposited energy occurs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Chemical damage in poly(phenylene sulphide) from fast ions: Dependence on the primary-ion stopping power

et al. 1996

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“…The assimilation groupings in the researched opportunity of wavelengths are related to the π-π* electronic moves [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical properties of CR-39 Detector Irradiated with Gamma-rays and (He-Ne) Laser

Tawfiq¹,

Neamah²,

Rasheed³

2017

JNUS

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Modification of polyethylene properties by implantation with F ⁺ ions and iodination

Jankovskij

Švorčı́k

Rybka

et al. 1996

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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SYNOPSISPolyethylene samples implanted with 150 keV F+ ions to the doses 1011-1015 cm-' were doped with iodine by exposing them to iodine vapors a t 90°C for 3 h. The iodine depth profiles, measured by Rutherford back-scattering techniques, evolve dramatically with increasing implanted doses, from "bumpy" profiles at lower fluences to a "depleted" one comprising two concentration maxima with no iodine in between observed at highest dose. The areal density of iodine incorporated into the 500-nm-thick surface layer is proportional to the ion dose for the doses I 1 X 1013 cm-' and it achieves a saturation or declines at higher doses. The results support the concept of enhanced iodine diffusion in the radiationdamaged surface layer and its trapping on the radiation defects within. The sheet resistivity of as-implanted PE is practically constant, independent of the implanted dose. Iodine doping of the ion-implanted PE samples results in immediate, strong decrease of the sheet resistivity by 3-4 orders of magnitude which, however, is not stable. The measured temperature dependence of the sheet resistance indicates p-semiconducting character of ionimplanted and iodinated samples at the temperatures below the PE melting point. The iodine redistribution and/or escape with increasing temperature is observed. 0 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. I NTRO DU CTlO NSteadily increasing interest in the diffusion of various inorganic agents into polymers is due to several unsolved fundamental problems in the field and to the importance of the process for potential applications in membrane production and microelectronics.'*' The diffusion of different agents from gaseous, liquid, or solid phases is a relatively simple technique of modification of surface properties of polymer^.^,^ Iodine as a dopant has been found to increase electrical conductivity of p~lyethylene,~ p01y-2-ethynylpyridine,~ poly~inylfluoride,~ and cellulose acetate-butyrate. ' The penetration of dopants into polymers may be significantly affected by a prior irradiation with energetic heavy ions leading to dramatic changes in polymer surface ~t r u c t u r e .~ Increased permeation of gases through thin polymer foils irradiated by ener-~~~ * To whom correspondence should be addressed.Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 60, 1455-1459 (1996) 0 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.CCC 0021-8995/96/091455-05 getic ions is well documented," and an enhanced diffusion of iodine atoms into radiation-damaged polymers has recently been o b s e r~e d .~,~ Previous experimental data on the diffusion of various agents into polymers modified by ion irradiation are rather scarce and the microscopic mechanism of the penetration and trapping of atoms or molecules on radiation defects remains unclear. Also, little is known about the effect of doping on the modified polymer's physical properties, such as electrical conductivity.Here, the structure and electrical conductivity of polyethylene implanted with different doses of 150 keV F+ ions and subsequently doped with iodine are studied wit...

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Structural modification of polymer films by ion irradiation

Cited by 381 publications

References 33 publications

Chemical damage in poly(phenylene sulphide) from fast ions: Dependence on the primary-ion stopping power

Chemical damage in poly(phenylene sulphide) from fast ions: Dependence on the primary-ion stopping power

Optical properties of CR-39 Detector Irradiated with Gamma-rays and (He-Ne) Laser

Modification of polyethylene properties by implantation with F ⁺ ions and iodination

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Structural modification of polymer films by ion irradiation

Cited by 381 publications

References 33 publications

Chemical damage in poly(phenylene sulphide) from fast ions: Dependence on the primary-ion stopping power

Chemical damage in poly(phenylene sulphide) from fast ions: Dependence on the primary-ion stopping power

Optical properties of CR-39 Detector Irradiated with Gamma-rays and (He-Ne) Laser

Modification of polyethylene properties by implantation with F + ions and iodination

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Product

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Modification of polyethylene properties by implantation with F ⁺ ions and iodination