Structural Investigation of Delicate-Geometry Fused Deposition Modeling Additive Manufacturing Scaffolds: Experiment and Analytics

Abstract

Additive manufacturing is a rapidly expanding technology in many scientific fields like tissue engineering. One of the most essential duties of tissue engineering scaffolds is to provide sufficient mechanical strength for the injured bone tissue. Scaffold architecture plays a significant role in its mechanical properties. Here, six delicate different geometry computer-aided design models with identical porosity were designed. The sets of 0/90, 0/45/135/90, 0/60/120, and their shifted models as the most prevalent scaffold geometries were fabricated by fused deposition modeling printer through the optimized processing parameters and were investigated by the upset test. Their modified models according to printing procedure changes were redesigned, and finite element analysis (FEA) simulations were accomplished through a simplifying strategy. Mechanical performances of the designed scaffolds were evaluated, and a good agreement was observed between the FEA and experiments. The strongest patterns were derived via evaluation of three aspects of scaffold elastic modulus, scaffold yield strength, and a newly defined parameter named ''scaffold geometry rupture resistance factor''. The large difference between Young's modulus of 0/90 (230.44 MPa) and 0/90 shifted (156.56 MPa) indicated the role of scaffold geometry in mechanical properties. The mechanical effect of layer pattern sequence change was also investigated.

In-Process Monitoring of Temperature Evolution during Fused Filament Fabrication: A Journey from Numerical to Experimental Approaches

“…Due to the significant advances in the development of this process, such as the reduction in time/cost and the possibility of creating complex geometries, it has attracted a lot of attention in the last decades [2][3][4] through different applications (e.g., aerospace, automotive, biomedical, etc.) [5][6][7][8]. These characteristics, incorporated with AM technologies to fabricate complex geometries in the micrometer order, have made this technology an advanced industry [9].…”

Research on 3D-Print Design Method of Spatial Node Topology Optimization Based on Improved Material Interpolation

“…The printing process used in this study was the FDM fused deposition manufacturing printing technology. In the research on the properties of PLA-printed parts, Sohrabian and Vaseghi [ 12 ] et al carried out detailed experiments and finite element analysis of a scaffold architecture printed in PLA [ 12 ]. The mechanical properties of the PLA materials were good, and could guarantee good manufacturing accuracy.…”

“…It turned out that this anisotropy is ubiquitous, not only for metal materials [ 9 ], but also for polymer materials [ 10 , 11 ]. Although additive manufacturing encounters common manufacturing precision errors, the mechanical properties of additively manufactured products can be well matched in experiments and finite element analysis [ 12 ], which is beneficial to obtaining accurate and stable material properties for topology optimization analysis. According to statistics [ 13 ], there are currently more than 200 additive manufacturing technologies worldwide.…”

Numerical Prediction for Temperature Profile of Parts Manufactured using Fused Filament Fabrication

“…Fused filament fabrication (FFF) -also known as 3D printing [6,7] is an extensive classification of additive manufacturing (AM) processes [8] producing prototypes in various applications, such as aerospace, medical, automotive, etc. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”