Structural Integrity of Steel Pipeline with Clusters of Corrosion Defects

Witek, Maciej

doi:10.3390/ma14040852

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…First, the state of the insulating coating is usually taken into account as well as the presence of operational macrodefects caused by mechanical and corrosive or corrosive-mechanical factors (cracks, corrosion pits, pipe wall thinning, etc.) [1,2]. However, for pipelines whose planned lifetime is already expired or close to expiring, it is necessary to evaluate thoroughly the possible degradation of the pipe metal, i.e., a loss of its initial physical and mechanical properties responsible for ensuring its operability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for pipelines whose planned lifetime is already expired or close to expiring, it is necessary to evaluate thoroughly the possible degradation of the pipe metal, i.e., a loss of its initial physical and mechanical properties responsible for ensuring its operability. Among the mechanical properties are mainly the characteristics of strength and plasticity, brittle fracture resistance, and fatigue strength, including fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth resistance [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. From the perspective of the effect of corrosive environments, it is worth determining the change in corrosion resistance and sensitivity of steels to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and corrosion fatigue [1,4,[10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Operational Degradation of Pipeline Steels

et al. 2021

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This paper summarizes a series of the authors’ research in the field of assessing the operational degradation of oil and gas transit pipeline steels. Both mechanical and electrochemical properties of steels are deteriorated after operation, as is their resistance to environmentally-assisted cracking. The characteristics of resistance to brittle fracture and stress corrosion cracking decrease most intensively, which is associated with a development of in-bulk dissipated microdamages of the material. The most sensitive indicators of changes in the material’s state caused by degradation are impact toughness and fracture toughness by the J-integral method. The degradation degree of pipeline steels can also be evaluated nondestructively based on in-service changes in their polarization resistance and potential of the fracture surface. Attention is drawn to hydrogenation of a pipe wall from inside as a result of the electrochemical interaction of pipe metal with condensed moisture, which facilitates operational degradation of steel due to the combined action of operating stresses and hydrogen. The development of microdamages along steel texture was evidenced metallographically as a trend to the selective etching of boundaries between adjacent bands of ferrite and pearlite and fractographically by revealing brittle fracture elements on the fracture surfaces, namely delamination and cleavage, indicating the sites of cohesion weakening between ferrite and pearlite bands. The state of the X52 steel in its initial state and after use for 30 years was assessed based on the numerical simulation method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Operational Degradation of Pipeline Steels

et al. 2021

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“…Simplified methods, such as the FC and GSM methods, can be used, e.g., in the assessment of the integrity of pressure gas pipelines. They can be damaged by corrosion defects at the outside surface when corrosion protection fails [ 25 ]. The technical state of gas pipelines is therefore periodically assessed.…”

Section: Use Of the Fc And Gsm Methods For Cracked Pipesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of J Integral Assessments for Cracked Plates and Pipes

et al. 2021

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The purpose of this article is to compare two predictive methods of J integral assessments for center-cracked plates, single-edge cracked plates and double-edge cracked plates produced from X52 and X70 steels, and a longitudinally cracked pipe produced from X70 steel. The two methods examined are: the GSM method and the Js procedure of the French RCC-MR construction code, designated here as the FC method. The accuracy of J integral predictions by these methods is visualized by comparing the results obtained with the “reference” values calculated by the EPRI method. The main results showed that both methods yielded similar J integral values, although in most cases, the GSM predictions were slightly more conservative than the FC predictions. In comparison with the “reference” values of the J integral, both methods provided conservative results for most crack configurations, although the estimates for cracks of a relative length smaller than 1/8 were not found to be so conservative. The prediction of burst pressures for external longitudinal semielliptical part-through cracks in X70 steel pipe showed that the magnitudes of predicted burst pressures came very close to each other, and were conservative compared to FEM (finite element method) calculations and experimentally determined burst pressures.

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“…However, as they are made of steel, they tend to degrade in the corrosive environment. Furthermore, despite the availability of corrosion protection technologies, underground structures are still susceptible to degradation with time of operation [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. During inspections, scientists and engineers frequently deal with the problem of tube wall metal loss, in particular, with its impact on the ability of the repaired thin-walled cylinder to withstand the design pressure [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Model and Numerical Analysis of Composite Wrap System Applied to Steel Pipeline

et al. 2021

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Composite overwraps are a cost-effective repair technology, appropriate for corrosion defects, dents, and gouges for both onshore and offshore steel pipelines. The main benefit of polymer-based sleeves is safe installation without taking the pipeline out of service. This paper presents a new calculation procedure proposed in the form of an algorithm for the sizing of composite repairs of corroded pipelines when the sleeve is applied at zero internal pressure. The main objective of the presented methodology is determination of the effective thickness of the composite repair without its overestimation or underestimation. The authors used a non-linear finite element method with constitutive models allowing analysis of the steel, putty, and composite structures. The validation of the results of numerical computations compared to the experimental ones showed an appropriate agreement. The numerical calculations were applied to compare the analytical results in relation to those obtained by the standards ASME PCC-2 or ISO/TS 24817. The comparison showed that the proposed solution confirmed its effectiveness in reducing the thickness of the sleeve significantly, thus, showing that the current industrial standards provide a considerably excessive composite wrap around the steel pipe corroded area, which leads to an unnecessary increase in the repair costs.

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Structural Integrity of Steel Pipeline with Clusters of Corrosion Defects

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Assessment of Operational Degradation of Pipeline Steels

Assessment of Operational Degradation of Pipeline Steels

Comparison of J Integral Assessments for Cracked Plates and Pipes

Analytical Model and Numerical Analysis of Composite Wrap System Applied to Steel Pipeline

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