Structural insights into coronavirus entry

Tortorici, M. Alejandra; Veesler, David

doi:10.1016/bs.aivir.2019.08.002

Cited by 746 publications

(746 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of a COVID-19 patient, Zhou et al [8] have confirmed that the SARS-CoV-2 uses the same cellular entry receptor, ACE2, as SARS-CoV. The virion S-glycoprotein on the surface of coronavirus can attach to the receptor, ACE2 on the surface of human cells [29]. S glycoprotein includes two subunits, S1 and S2 [30].…”

Section: Coronavirus Replication and Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status

et al. 2020

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An acute respiratory disease, caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout China and received worldwide attention. On 30 January 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the COVID-19 epidemic as a public health emergency of international concern. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, marked the third introduction of a highly pathogenic and large-scale epidemic coronavirus into the human population in the twenty-first century. As of 1 March 2020, a total of 87,137 confirmed cases globally, 79,968 confirmed in China and 7169 outside of China, with 2977 deaths (3.4%) had been reported by WHO. Meanwhile, several independent research groups have identified that SARS-CoV-2 belongs to β-coronavirus, with highly identical genome to bat coronavirus, pointing to bat as the natural host. The novel coronavirus uses the same receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as that for SARS-CoV, and mainly spreads through the respiratory tract. Importantly, increasingly evidence showed sustained human-to-human transmission, along with many exported cases across the globe. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients include fever, cough, fatigue and a small population of patients appeared gastrointestinal infection symptoms. The elderly and people with underlying diseases are susceptible to infection and prone to serious outcomes, which may be associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokine storm. Currently, there are few specific antiviral strategies, but several potent candidates of antivirals and repurposed drugs are under urgent investigation. In this review, we summarized the latest research progress of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics of COVID-19, and discussed the current treatment and scientific advancements to combat the epidemic novel coronavirus.

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Section: Coronavirus Replication and Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status

et al. 2020

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“…Coronavirus belong to the family Coronaviridae, which comprises of alpha, beta, delta, and gamma coronaviruses [1,2]. As the name indicates, the spherical external spike protein displays a characteristic crown shape when observed under an electron microscope [3,4]. The virus is known to infect a wide range of hosts including humans, other mammals, and birds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Coronavirus Isolated from a Patient in Korea with COVID-19

Kim

Chung

et al. 2020

Osong Public Health Res Perspect

457

397

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South Korea, and attempts have been made to isolate the pathogen from these patients. Methods: Upper and lower respiratory tract secretion samples from putative patients with COVID-19 were inoculated onto cells to isolate the virus. Full genome sequencing and electron microscopy were used to identify the virus. Results: The virus replicated in Vero cells and cytopathic effects were observed. Full genome sequencing showed that the virus genome exhibited sequence homology of more than 99.9% with SARS-CoV-2 which was isolated from patients from other countries, for instance China. Sequence homology of SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV was 77.5% and 50%, respectively. Coronavirus-specific morphology was observed by electron microscopy in virus-infected Vero cells. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from putative patients with unexplained pneumonia and intermittent coughing and fever. The isolated virus was named BetaCoV/Korea/KCDC03/2020.

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“…Beta-coronaviruses are a subgroup of the coronavirus family, large enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses able to infect a wide variety of mammals and avian species, causing mainly respiratory or enteric diseases [1]. They present surface spikes formed by (S) glycoproteins which mediate binding to susceptible host cell receptors to initiate the infection [2]. To date, seven betacoronaviruses are known to cause human disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Master Regulator Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2/Human interactome

Guzzi

Mercatelli

Ceraolo

et al. 2020

Preprint

119

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the recent epidemic outbreak of a novel human coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 and causing the respiratory tract disease COVID-19 has reached worldwide resonance and a global effort is being undertaken to characterize the molecular features and evolutionary origins of this virus. In this paper, we set out to shed light on the SARS-CoV-2/host receptor recognition, a crucial factor for successful virus infection. Based on the current knowledge of the interactome between SARS-CoV-2 and host cell proteins, we performed Master Regulator Analysis to detect which parts of the human interactome are most affected by the infection. We detected, amongst others, affected apoptotic and mitochondrial mechanisms, and a downregulation of the ACE2 protein receptor, notions that can be used to develop specific therapies against this new virus.

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Structural insights into coronavirus entry

Cited by 746 publications

References 134 publications

The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status

The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status

Identification of Coronavirus Isolated from a Patient in Korea with COVID-19

Master Regulator Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2/Human interactome

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