Structural insights in Dy³⁺‐doped β‐Tricalcium phosphate and its multimodal imaging characteristics

Abstract

A series of Dysprosium (Dy3+) doped β‐Tricalcium phosphate [β‐TCP, β‐Ca3(PO4)2] were developed for applications in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Characterization studies confirmed the Dy3+ occupancy at Ca2+(1), Ca2+(2), and Ca2+(3) lattice sites of β‐Ca3(PO4)2 and its substitution limit was determined as 4.35 mol%. The transitions from the 6H15/2 ground state to various excited energy levels is validated by the characteristic absorption peaks of Dy3+. Luminescence studies inferred two intense bands at 480 and 572 nm due to 4F9/2→6H15/2 (blue) and 4F9/2→6H13/2 (yellow) transitions of Dy3+. The paramagnetic and nontoxic behavior of Dy3+‐doped β‐Ca3(PO4)2 were confirmed from magnetic and MTT tests, respectively. Dy3+ in the host induces a high X‐ray absorption ability for X‐ray computed tomography (CT) and showed efficient contrast T2‐enhancing modality. Thus the proposed system could be used as a promising probe for multimodality with optical imaging, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Simultaneous accommodation of Dy3+ at the lattice site of β‐Ca3(PO4)2 and t‐ZrO2 mixtures: Structural stability, mechanical, optical, and magnetic features

“…Further, a gradual surge in the magnetic response with simultaneous increment in the Dy 3+ addition ensures the fact that magnetic response is triggered only by the influence of Dy 3+ . The results from the optical and magnetic measurements deliberated good consistency in terms of emission bands, concentration‐dependent quenching effect, and paramagnetic features of either Dy 3+ ‐doped β ‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 or Dy 3+ ‐doped ZrO 2 structures …”

“…RE 3+ substitution in individual ZrO 2 and β ‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 structure was elaborated in previous studies . The present study portrays the influence of Dy 3+ addition in ZrO 2 and β ‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 mixtures.…”

“…The present study portrays the influence of Dy 3+ addition in ZrO 2 and β ‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 mixtures. The substitution limit of Dy 3+ in β ‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 is limited to 4.35 mol%, whereas the excess Dy 3+ beyond this saturation limit crystallizes as DyPO 4 . Further, it has been stated that the charge imbalance between Ca 2+ and Dy 3+ in β ‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 is resolved with the mechanism of 3Ca 2+ → 2Dy 3+ + □ vacancy.…”

“…Unlike emission characteristics, magnetic property of CPDZ is not disturbed with the surrounding symmetry of Dy 3+ and moreover a steady enhancement in the magnetization is noticed with respect to the enhanced Dy 3+ content. It is noteworthy to state that the observed results showed similar magnetization behavior on comparison with the individual substitutions of Dy 3+ at either β ‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 or ZrO 2 lattice . Thus, the paramagnetic response displayed by the CPDZ compositions is not altered by the dual accommodation of Dy 3+ in β ‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and ZrO 2 composite mixtures.…”

“…The results from the optical and magnetic measurements deliberated good consistency in terms of emission bands, concentration-dependent quenching effect, and paramagnetic features of either Dy 3+ -doped β-Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 or Dy 3+ -doped ZrO 2 structures. 26,47 4 | DISCUSSION RE 3+ substitution in individual ZrO 2 and β-Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 structure was elaborated in previous studies. 23,47 The present study portrays the influence of Dy 3+ addition in ZrO 2 and β-Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 mixtures.…”