Structural Insights for Anti-Influenza Vaccine Design

Han, Lijing; Chen, Cong; Han, Xianlin; Lin, Shu‐Fang; Ao, Xiulan; Xiao, Han; Wang, Jianmin; Ye, Hanhui

doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2019.03.009

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…It can be hypothesized that immunogenic epitopes on the head domain of these rare HA subtypes are not under strong immune pressure in their natural avian reservoir and are unlikely to undergo genetic changes due to this pressure, but are more likely to be influenced by stochastic effects that conserve antigenic site sequences [92,93]. This results in the preservation of important antigenic epitopes such as the membrane-distal receptor-binding site (RBS) on the HA head containing key highly conserved amino acids involved in receptor binding [94][95][96][97] and can partially explain cross-subtype neutralization seen in our vaccination results. Nevertheless, our pseudotype library has enabled us to test immune responses brought about by vaccination against a variety of IAV and IBV pseudotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting Pan Influenza A and Pan Influenza B Pseudotype Libraries for Efficient Vaccine Antigen Selection

et al. 2021

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We developed an influenza hemagglutinin (HA) pseudotype library encompassing Influenza A subtypes HA1-18 and Influenza B subtypes (both lineages) to be employed in influenza pseudotype microneutralization (pMN) assays. The pMN is highly sensitive and specific for detecting virus-specific neutralizing antibodies against influenza viruses and can be used to assess antibody functionality in vitro. Here we show the production of these viral HA pseudotypes and their employment as substitutes for wildtype viruses in influenza neutralization assays. We demonstrate their utility in detecting serum responses to vaccination with the ability to evaluate cross-subtype neutralizing responses elicited by specific vaccinating antigens. Our findings may inform further preclinical studies involving immunization dosing regimens in mice and may help in the creation and selection of better antigens for vaccine design. These HA pseudotypes can be harnessed to meet strategic objectives that contribute to the strengthening of global influenza surveillance, expansion of seasonal influenza prevention and control policies, and strengthening pandemic preparedness and response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting Pan Influenza A and Pan Influenza B Pseudotype Libraries for Efficient Vaccine Antigen Selection

et al. 2021

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“…How to expose highly cross-protective epitopes to the immune system has been investigated using glycan engineering of HA and NA proteins [68]. Researchers have also devised chimeric HAs by transferring unique HA globular head domains from exotic novel strains to the HA stalk domains of presently circulating human influenza viruses [71]. Moreover, adenoviruses have been transformed into vaccine vectors by disabling genes responsible for their replication, exhibiting the potential for developing a "universal" flu vaccine.…”

Section: Novel Approaches To Vaccine Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting H3N2 Influenza: Advancements in Treatment and Vaccine Strategies

Srivastava,

Jayaswal,

Kumar

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The emergence of the H3N2 influenza virus in 1968 marked a significant event as it crossed the species barrier. Since then, ongoing mutational dynamics have led to the formation of antigenic clusters, prompting the World Health Organization to advocate for regular updates to H3N2 vaccines. Research in the Western Pacific region underscores the necessity for heightened awareness and effective control strategies. Stemming from avian influenza A, the 1968 H3N2 influenza pandemic resulted in the deaths of one million people globally, with its seasonal variants primarily affecting older individuals and causing severe illness due to antigenic drift. To address the challenge of vaccine efficacy against H3N2 mutations, researchers are exploring innovative strategies such as precise antigenic material administration, controlled release patterns, understanding immune system mechanisms, and glycan engineering. This review comprehensively examines various aspects of the Influenza A (H3N2) virus, encompassing its virological characteristics, evolutionary trends, global epidemiology, vaccination strategies, antiviral interventions, and emerging diagnostic approaches. It underscores the impact of antigenic variation on vaccine design and effectiveness, seasonal outbreak patterns, pandemic potential, and the interplay between viral factors and host immune responses. Moreover, the review evaluates antiviral therapies and the issue of drug resistance, emphasising the necessity for multidisciplinary approaches involving researchers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers to comprehend H3N2 and enhance public health interventions.

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“…The HA head domain is highly variable among IAV strains and is immunologically dominant by harboring the receptor binding sites [125]. The stalk domain of HA that is relatively conserved between different subtypes of IAV and elicits stalk specific antibodies is key for the development of a universal influenza vaccine (UIV).…”

Section: Universal Influenza Vaccine Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza–Host Interplay and Strategies for Universal Vaccine Development

2020

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Influenza is an annual epidemic and an occasional pandemic caused by pathogens that are responsible for infectious respiratory disease. Humans are highly susceptible to the infection mediated by influenza A viruses (IAV). The entry of the virus is mediated by the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein that binds to the cellular sialic acid receptors and facilitates the fusion of the viral membrane with the endosomal membrane. During IAV infection, virus-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are recognized by host intracellular specific sensors including toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) either on the cell surface or intracellularly in endosomes. Herein, we comprehensively review the current knowledge available on the entry of the influenza virus into host cells and the molecular details of the influenza virus–host interface. We also highlight certain strategies for the development of universal influenza vaccines.

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Structural Insights for Anti-Influenza Vaccine Design

Cited by 8 publications

References 126 publications

Exploiting Pan Influenza A and Pan Influenza B Pseudotype Libraries for Efficient Vaccine Antigen Selection

Exploiting Pan Influenza A and Pan Influenza B Pseudotype Libraries for Efficient Vaccine Antigen Selection

Targeting H3N2 Influenza: Advancements in Treatment and Vaccine Strategies

Influenza–Host Interplay and Strategies for Universal Vaccine Development

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