Structural inheritance in mountain belts: An Alpine–Apennine perspective

Butler, Robert W.; Tavarnelli, Enrico; Grasso, Mario

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2006.09.006

Cited by 245 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…A preliminary dislocation model reported by Briole et al (2008) puts the upper edge of the ruptured fault at a depth of 10 km, which generally agrees with our preferred slip model where most of the slip is concentrated at depths larger than 7 km.…”

Section: Slip Distribution and Rupture Process Of The Mainshocksupporting

confidence: 87%

Rupture Process and Aftershocks Relocation of the 8 June 2008 Mw 6.4 Earthquake in Northwest Peloponnese, Western Greece

Konstantinou¹,

Melis²,

Lee³

et al. 2009

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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On 8 June 2008 at 12:25 (GMT) an M w 6.4 strong earthquake occurred in the area of northwest Peloponnese, western Greece, causing the death of two people and extensive damage to the surrounding area. The main event and its aftershocks were recorded by one nationwide and three regional networks equipped with threecomponent broadband seismometers. Initial locations of the earthquake sequence comprising 438 aftershocks showed a linear northeast-southwest trend and that the mainshock was located at 22 km depth. After the relocation using catalog and differential travel times, most events form three distinct clusters at depths 15-25 km. Moment tensor solutions for the main event and its largest aftershocks exhibited a pure strike-slip mechanism with one nodal plane orientated northeast-southwest in accordance with the relocated seismicity. A parallel, nonnegative least-squares inversion technique utilizing multiple-time windows was used to derive the spatiotemporal slip distribution of the main event. The resulting slip distribution model revealed a large slip patch (maximum slip ∼150 cm) between 10 and 20 km depth at the northeast part of the fault that also coincides with the area that suffered most of the damage. Another patch exhibiting smaller amounts of slip (20-50 cm) is located to the southwest direction at the same depth range, and smaller patches exist at 25-30 km depth. Most aftershocks are located in areas of low slip (< 25 cm) filling the regions of slip deficit. The 8 June earthquake occurred at an area where no previous seismological or other observations indicated the existence of a seismogenic fault at that depth and with this strike. This, and the fact that the event nucleated in the middle to lower crust, may be interpreted as the reactivation of a fault structure that was inherited from previous tectonic phases.Online Material: Spatiotemporal evolution of the aftershock sequence of the 8 June 2008 mainshock, sensitivity tests to the mainshock slip inversion, color versions of figures, relocated aftershocks catalog, classification scheme for the moment tensor solutions, and moment tensor inversion description.

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Section: Slip Distribution and Rupture Process Of The Mainshocksupporting

confidence: 87%

Rupture Process and Aftershocks Relocation of the 8 June 2008 Mw 6.4 Earthquake in Northwest Peloponnese, Western Greece

Konstantinou¹,

Melis²,

Lee³

et al. 2009

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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“…Back-thrusting originated in previous normal faults and footwall short-cut thrusts can also be a consequence of buttressing against the master fault. Analogies to this structural style have been recognized and well documented in the Ecrins Massif, the western margin of the Alps (Mugnier and Huyghe, 1995;Butler et al, 2006), NE of the Bighorn Mountains in Wyoming (Stone, 2003), the pattern of inversed structures in the Cuyo Basin in Argentina (Uliana et al, 1995) and along the mountain front of the Frontal Cordillera in Argentina (Turienzo and Dimieri, 2005). Although all models have a set of thick-skinned inherent normal faults from the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic extensional stage (Figs.…”

Section: Structure Of the Lautaro Basinmentioning

confidence: 75%

The Lautaro Basin: A record of inversion tectonics in northern Chile

Martínez

Arriagada

Mpodozis

et al. 2012

andgeo

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ABsTrACT. The Triassic and Jurassic tectonic history of northern Chile has been dominated by extension, although clear evidence about the nature and geometry of the extensional basins and subsequent inversion structures has been adequately illustrated in only a few cases. In this contribution we present a structural study of the Lautaro Basin located at the western edge of the Frontal Cordillera in the Atacama region of northern Chile. The Lautaro Basin is a Jurassic half-graben, filled by at least 2,600 m of marine deposits of the Lautaro Formation and developed on top of, at least 2,000 m of Triassic volcanic successions of the La Ternera Formation, also accumulated during an earlier period of extensional deformation. Detailed field mapping and construction of a regional balanced cross-section, supported by good exposures along the Copiapó River valley, allow reconstruction of the structural style of both the Jurassic and Triassic extensional depocenters. New structural data have shown that the Lautaro Basin has a complex structural framework reflected in two major Mesozoic extensional periods, overprinted by Cenozoic inversion involving thin-and thick-skinned tectonics. Shortening was accommodated by a combination of inversion of pre-existing normal faults, buttresses, development of footwall short-cuts, and both thin and thick-skinned thrusting. New estimates of shortening are up to 13.1 km (30%), while Mesozoic extension is estimated to be 3 km (7%). resuMen. La Cuenca Lautaro: un registro de inversión tectónica en el norte de Chile. Durante el Triásico y Jurá-sico la evolución tectónica del norte de Chile fue dominada por extensión cortical. No obstante, evidencias claras acerca del estilo estructural y subsecuente inversión de las cuencas asociadas con el evento extensional, han sido ilustradas en pocos casos. En este trabajo, se presenta un estudio estructural de la Cuenca Lautaro, localizada en el borde occidental de la Cordillera Frontal, en la región de Atacama del norte de Chile. La Cuenca Lautaro, es un hemigraben que aloja al menos 2.600 m de depósitos marinos de la Formación Lautaro, acumulados sobre al menos 2.000 m de sucesiones volcánicas triásicas de la Formación La Ternera. Los excelentes afloramientos de la región permitieron construir una sección balanceada y restaurar el estilo estructural de los depocentros extensionales triásicos y jurásicos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la Cuenca Lautaro tiene una arquitectura estructural compleja, reflejada en dos episodios extensionales mayores. Posteriormente, se sobreimpone al menos un evento de inversión tectónica que desarrolla una tectónica mixta de piel fina y piel gruesa. El acortamiento se acomoda por una combinación de inversión de fallas preexistentes, desarrollo de fallas de atajo y corrimientos de piel fina y piel gruesa, que involucran bloques rígidos o 'buttresses'. Las estimaciones de acortamiento son de 13,1 km (30%), mientras que la extensión mesozoica es de 3 km (7%).

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“…The Apennines are a Neogene-Quaternary foreland-verging fold-and-thrust belt, showing a complex structural arrangement derived from the interaction between contractional structures and pre-existing extensional faults (e.g., Coward et al, 1999;Scisciani et al, 2002;Tozer et al, 2002;Butler et al, 2006;Calamita et al, 2011;Scisciani, 2009;Di Domenica et al, 2014a, b;Pace et al, 2014;Cardello and Doglioni, 2015). The orogenesis involved Triassic-toMiocene sedimentary successions related to different basin and platform paleogeographic domains of the Adria Mesozoic paleomargin (e.g., Ciarapica and Passeri, 2002;Patacca and Scandone, 2007).…”

Section: Geological and Structural Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining a mid-Holocene earthquake through speleoseismological and independent data: implications for the outer Central Apennines (Italy) seismotectonic framework

Domenica

Pizzi

2017

Solid Earth

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Abstract. A speleoseismological study has been conducted in the Cavallone Cave, located in the easternmost carbonate sector of the Central Apennines (Maiella Massif), in a seismically active region interposed between the post-orogenic extensional domain, to the west, and the contractional one, to the east. The occurrence of active "silent normal faults", to the west, close to blind thrusts, to the east, raises critical questions about the seismic hazard for this transitional zone. Large collapses of cave ceilings, fractures, broken speleothems with new re-growing stalagmites on their top, preferential orientation of fallen stalagmites and the absence of thin and long concretions have been observed in many portions of the karst conduit. This may indicate that the cave suffered sudden deformation events likely linked to the occurrence of past strong earthquakes. Radiocarbon dating and, above all, the robust correspondence with other coeval on-fault and off-fault geological data collected in surrounding areas outside the cave, provide important constraints for the individuation of a mid-Holocene paleoearthquake around 4.6-4.8 kyr BP. On the basis of the available paleoseismological data, possible seismogenic sources can be identified with the Sulmona normal fault and other active normal fault segments along its southern prosecution, which recorded synchronous strong paleoevents. Although the correlation between speleotectonic observations and quantitative modeling is disputed, studies on possible effects of earthquake on karstic landforms and features, when corroborated by independent data collected outside caves, can provide a useful contribution in discovering past earthquakes.

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Structural inheritance in mountain belts: An Alpine–Apennine perspective

Cited by 245 publications

References 45 publications

Rupture Process and Aftershocks Relocation of the 8 June 2008 Mw 6.4 Earthquake in Northwest Peloponnese, Western Greece

Rupture Process and Aftershocks Relocation of the 8 June 2008 Mw 6.4 Earthquake in Northwest Peloponnese, Western Greece

The Lautaro Basin: A record of inversion tectonics in northern Chile

Defining a mid-Holocene earthquake through speleoseismological and independent data: implications for the outer Central Apennines (Italy) seismotectonic framework

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