Structural Inequality in the Philippines Oligarchy, (Im)mobility and Economic Transformation

Tuaño, Philip Arnold; Cruz, Jerik

doi:10.1355/ae36-3c

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The BP algorithm is a supervised learning artificial neural network [ 21 , 22 ]. Its structure uses the steepest descent method or its improved algorithm to continuously update the network weights, so as to achieve a higher-precision approximation [ 23 ]. The usual structure of the BP algorithm is shown in Figure 2 .…”

Section: Regional Economic Transformation Methods Of Recurrent Neural...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Path of Regional Economic Transformation and Upgrading Based on Recurrent Neural Network

Liang

Zhao

Xin

2022

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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At present, the development of the regional economy is very rapid and widespread. However, due to increasingly prominent problems such as the low level of technological innovation and the unreasonable industrial structure, the economic growth rate has declined. Therefore, it is particularly important to use the circular economy network to study the transformation and upgrading of the regional economy. It clarifies the stakeholders in the process of transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises. Its benefits in the network are given, and symptoms and mobilization methods and the obstacles and solutions to the development of mobilization among various subjects are drawn. In addition, it also emphasizes the equivalence between intelligent products and human subjects in this network. Because of the intelligence carried by products under the current background, diversified connotations and functions are becoming more and more abundant. The empirical results show that the pulling coefficients of residents’ consumption level, the development of modern service industry, and urbanization rate to economic growth are 0.1812, 0.7165, and 0.1635, respectively, while the pulling coefficient of Gini coefficient to economic growth is −0.1785.

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Section: Regional Economic Transformation Methods Of Recurrent Neural...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Path of Regional Economic Transformation and Upgrading Based on Recurrent Neural Network

Liang

Zhao

Xin

2022

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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“…The second theoretical underpinning that guides this research is the gendered lens to resilience, proposed by Hirani et al (2016). Gender disparities exist in terms of resilience, mental health, and well-being outcomes not only because of biological differences between men and women, but because of the social forces that situate females in disadvantaged positions in family, community, economic and political life (Hirani et al, 2016;Tuaño & Cruz, 2020). Hirani et al (2016) argue that traditional notions of resilience favour men and do not consider women's unique, disenfranchising experiences.…”

Section: Gendered Lens To Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These threats can arguably undermine national resilience, and may have caused an increase in the prevalence of mental health problems among youth and emerging adults (Shaikh et al., 2021; Tee et al., 2020), who are bound to inherit the role of addressing these social concerns. Moreover, despite the good performance of the Philippines in the 2022 Gender Global Gap Report where it ranked 19th out of 146 countries (World Economic Forum, 2022), local evidence has shown that Filipino women are more vulnerable to mental illness and have poorer quality of life compared to their male counterparts (Shaikh et al., 2021; Tee et al., 2020; Tuaño & Cruz, 2020; World Economic Forum, 2022). Cognizant of the unstable sociopolitical environment and gender inequalities in the Philippines, this study attempts to examine the interrelations of national resilience, depression and life satisfaction, and how gender moderates these relationships using the optics of resiliency theory (Zimmerman, 2013) and gendered lens to resilience (Hirani et al., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2016). Gender disparities exist in terms of resilience, mental health, and well‐being outcomes not only because of biological differences between men and women, but because of the social forces that situate females in disadvantaged positions in family, community, economic and political life (Hirani et al., 2016; Tuaño & Cruz, 2020). Hirani et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender, society and mental health: The moderated mediating role of depression and gender on national resilience and life satisfaction among emerging adults

Cleofas

2023

Int J Mental Health Nurs

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Recent threats to human security (i.e., COVID‐19 pandemic, conflicts, climate change events) call for nurses to have an increased understanding of how sociopolitical environments induce mental health problems and impact the well‐being of citizens. This study examines the relationship between national resilience and life satisfaction among Filipino emerging adults, how depression mediates this relationship, and how these correlations are moderated by gender. Drawing from an online survey sample of 1020 Filipino emerging adults (18–29 years old), this cross‐sectional study utilised a moderated mediation analysis. Key constructs were measured using the short version of the National Resilience Scale (NR‐13), the depression component of the Kessler Psychological Distress (K10) scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Gender was measured as sex assigned at birth. Descriptive results show that more than half of the respondents are female (64.2%) and demonstrate below‐average levels of national resilience and depression, and high levels of life satisfaction. Also, findings indicate that depression has significant negative relationships with, and partially mediates the positive relationship between national resilience and life satisfaction. Moreover, moderation analysis results suggest that being female synergizes the negative relationship between depression and life satisfaction, and being male strengthens the positive relationship between national resilience and life satisfaction (p < 0.01). The results highlight how the national resilience of emerging adults neutralises their risk for depression and, ultimately, improves life satisfaction. Moreover, the findings emphasise the importance of nursing advocacy actions to ensure that social policies for improving public mental health are gender‐sensitive, given that macro‐social and psychological factors have varied effects on individuals' lives based on gender.

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“…A wide array of empirical studies have explored the effects of globalization's various facets on income inequality, including trade (Hasan and Jandoc, 2010), structural adjustment (Lim and Montes, 2000), and premature deindustrialization (Tuaño and Cruz, 2019). More limited, however, are studies on the effects specifically of flexible employment arrangements on incomes, with the exception of Nguyen, Nguyen-Huu, and Le (2016) who identified a significant gap between wages of permanent and non-regular workers in Asian labor markets, including the Philippines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labor flexibility in the Philippines

Joy Llagas Galunan

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Globalization intensified competitive pressures among developing economies as indiscriminate openness to trade and capital flows exposed many labor markets to greater volatility.In efforts to attract foreign capital investments, fulfill structural adjustment programs of international financial institutions and promote the interests of dominant factions of domestic capitalists, many developing economies reconfigured existing regulatory frameworks to incorporate flexible labor arrangements which are highly vulnerable to social and economic precarity.Short-term contracts and labor outsourcing have deepened structural inequalities in labor markets while obstructing access to collective bargaining, skills development, and wage growth. As such, the prevalence of labor flexibility in many countries historically excluded workers from the gains of economic growth.The institutionalization of labor flexibility in the Philippines demonstrates this historical exclusion, as GDP growth at an unprecedented rate of 6.5% from 2010 to 2017 occurred while the labor market employed 30% of the labor force in short-term and outsourced labor contracts. The study traces the development of labor flexibility in the Philippines by examining transformations in its political economy. In its globalization period from 1970 to 2010, the institutionalization of labor flexibility in the Philippines served three functions: (1) as a source of competitive advantage in the quest for foreign capital investments on the national level, (2) as a local labor control regime for key developing regions on the subnational level, and (3) as an available adjustment apparatus for economic sectors with externally-sourced demand.For the growth period of 2010 to 2017, the further entrenchment of these functions is examined within the context of services-led growth. The study demonstrates that increased employment and productivity in services sectors with high rates of growth, i.e. retail trade, business processing, and real estate sectors entailed the employment of more workers under precarious short-term and outsourced contracts with persistently unequal and stagnant wage growth. Thus, the study challenges neoclassical and new institutionalist claims that growth from integration and economic upgrading will generally translate into better working conditions.

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Structural Inequality in the Philippines Oligarchy, (Im)mobility and Economic Transformation

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Path of Regional Economic Transformation and Upgrading Based on Recurrent Neural Network

Path of Regional Economic Transformation and Upgrading Based on Recurrent Neural Network

Gender, society and mental health: The moderated mediating role of depression and gender on national resilience and life satisfaction among emerging adults

Labor flexibility in the Philippines

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