Structural Identification of Cubic Aluminum and Non-Cubic Titanium using X-Ray Diffractometer

Abstract

The unknown crystalline samples like minerals, inorganic compounds etc. are identified mostly with the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD). More than 25 Nobel prizes have been awarded to the works based on it. The identification of the solids are essential for the research in various streams of science like Material, Environmental, Geo, Engineering and Biology. The XRD is based on Bragg’s law. The diffraction pattern obtained after passing the X-ray through interatomic slit is the main source of the structure. It was first demonstrated by Max von Laue (1912). The XRD is now attached with instrumental and computational tools. This paper focus on different steps for the indexing of an X-ray diffraction pattern, identifying the Bravais lattice, and calculating the lattice parameters of the cubic (Al) and non-cubic (Ti) system that are the starting elements we have used for the preparation of MXene. We have used the experimental and mathematical ways for the determinations of the intended structural values. The values obtained were in well agreement with the standard data.

Sol-gel synthesis, characterization of ZnO thin films on different substrates, and bandgap calculation by the Tauc plot method

“…The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern in Figure 14 displays the crystallographic planes (100), ( 002), ( 101), ( 102), ( 110), ( 103), ( 200), ( 112), ( 201), (004), and (202) at θ values of 31.76 0 , 34.44 0 , 36.24 0 , 47.56 0 , 56.66 0 , 62.90 0 , 66.42 0 , 67.96 0 , 69.14 0 , 72.64 0 , and 76.98 0 , respectively, which matches with the JCPDS card number 01-089-1397 [20,34,35] The presence of sharp and narrow peaks indicates that the ZnO NPs are highly crystalline. Furthermore, the sample exhibits a single-phase Wurtzite structure, which is a hexagonal closepacked crystal structure commonly observed in ZnO [25].…”

Structural, Morphological, and Textural Properties of Coprecipitated CaTiO3 for Anion Exchange in the Electrolyzer

“…ABX3 is the format of Perovskite with larger divalent and smaller tetravalent cations A and B respectively that are bound with anion X (like O -2 ) as shown in Figure 1. Calcium Titanate (CaTiO3) can have cubic, tetragonal, and orthorhombic structures [14] with higher dielectric properties that are used in wireless communication systems as resonators [15,16]. Wang et al found Ti-electrodes coated with CaTiO3 that are highly resistant to corrosion.…”