Structural health monitoring of grouted connections for offshore wind turbines by means of acoustic emission: An experimental study

Abstract

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Recent Advancements in Non-Destructive Testing Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring

“…Prefabricated structural elements were assessed by [84] and AE features provided information for concrete cracking, bar debonding and bar plastic deformation. Laboratory-based bending tests of grouted connections for offshore wind turbines were carried out by Tziavos et al [85]. Four AE resonant transducers were installed at the bottom and top of the connections for real-time monitoring through a data acquisition system.…”

Reliability of multi-purpose offshore-facilities: Present status and future direction in Australia

“… Purpose Method/Principle Advantages Limitations Ref Monitoring excessive deformations, corrosion, fatigue crack propagation Acoustic emission High-resolution (up to microscale), easy to use and cost-effective monitoring Sensitivity of these methods to the background noise limits their applicability in offshore environments; limited distance between measurement point and damage location. ( Jüngert, 2008 ; Tziavos et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2018 ; DeCew et al, 2013 ) Strain monitoring Strain gauge, Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG), Quantum Resistive Sensors (QRS), Fibre optic cables Easy to install sensors must be placed within the critical parts of a component to obtain data on the micro-level damages Short service-life of the sensors, sensitivity to misalignment and lack of robustness ( Ziegler et al, 2019 ; Maes et al, 2016 ) ( Mieloszyk and Ostachowicz, 2017 ) Detection of cracks and corrosion Ultrasonic techniques Non-contact, with the capability of being used with drones. Minimal preparation time and fast to obtain results, high penetration depth waves and accurate imaging Sensitivity to misalignment of sensors, expertise, and labour intensity and calibration difficulties in the absence of relevant standards ( Gunn et al, 2019 ; Brett et al, 2018 ) Detecting the anomalies, damages and cracks Thermal imaging or thermography methods utilise thermochromic coatings and liquid crystal sheets, infrared cameras and thermocouples Non-contact and can be used with drones in an automated inspection Sensitivity of the thermal sensors to temperature variations, the minimum detectible defect size and the need for post-processing algorithms.…”

A Novel Acoustic Emission Sources Localization and Identification Method in Metallic Plates Based on Stacked Denoising Autoencoders

“…As a vital material widely used in structure buildings, metal plates are isotropic and have a working condition of high temperature, high pressure and strong noise. To minimize the maintenance costs and to increase the lifetime of these structures, researchers are increasingly interested in improving current nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies or building advanced structural health monitoring (SHM) strategies [1,5]. Specifically, SHM schemes are generally applied to the localization and identification of metal plates deficiencies which are commonly fatigue cracks according to AE technology [2][3][4].…”

“…Moreover, the improvement of AE technology for damage detection and defect location, especially in the application of nondestructive testing (NDT), is mainly to simplify the complexity of AE experiments (e.g. minimizing the number of sensors and signal acquisition channels) [5,[11][12][13]. In particular, the purpose of these AE optimization methods is to achieve more accurately and effectively detection and identification in defects and faults with a minimum of sensors.…”