Structural features of the 5′ upstream regulatory region of the gene encoding rat amyloid precursor protein

Chernak, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90648-m

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The APP promoter extending to 3300 base pairs upstream from the transcriptional start site was found to confer cell type-specific expression of a reporter gene in transgenic mice (10). The distal section of the APP promoter contains numerous putative binding sites for regulatory transcription factors (11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Among these the hox1.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, analyses of 5Ј deletions of the human, rat, and mouse APP promoters demonstrated that 94 -100 base pairs upstream from the transcriptional start site are sufficient for high levels of expression in numerous cell lines (11,12,(21)(22)(23). The APP promoter is devoid of a recognizable TATA element but contains a prominent initiator element associated with the primary transcriptional start site at position ϩ1 (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Zinc Finger Protein CTCF Binds to the APBβ Domain of the Amyloid β-Protein Precursor Promoter

Vostrov

Quitschke

1997

Journal of Biological Chemistry

168

159

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The promoter of the amyloid ␤-protein precursor (APP) gene directs high levels of cell type-specific transcription with 94 base pairs 5 to the main transcriptional start site. An essential activator domain in this proximal APP promoter is a nuclear factor binding site designated as APB␤. The recognition domain for the APB␤ binding factor is located between position ؊93 and ؊82 relative to the main transcriptional start site.The nuclear factor that binds to the APB␤ site was partially purified by multiple steps of ion exchange and hydroxyapatite chromatography. Based on UV crosslinking results, a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 140 kDa was selected as the putative APB␤ binding protein. After the final purification step consisting of preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, partial peptide sequences were obtained that completely matched the transcriptional factor CTCF. This protein is a known regulator of c-myc and lysozyme gene expression, and it binds to a variety of diverse DNA sequences.The binding of CTCF to the APB␤ domain was further established by competition with CTCF binding oligonucleotides in mobility shift electrophoresis. The identity was also confirmed by the observation that the APB␤ binding factor is recognized by antibodies against Cand N-terminal sequences of CTCF. In addition, oligonucleotide competition during in vitro transcription affirmed that CTCF acts as a transcriptional activator in the APP gene promoter.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Zinc Finger Protein CTCF Binds to the APBβ Domain of the Amyloid β-Protein Precursor Promoter

Vostrov

Quitschke

1997

Journal of Biological Chemistry

168

159

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“…Despite the presence of AP-2 putative binding sites within the 5′ upstream regulatory region of the APP gene (Chernak 1993), Bourbonniere et al hypothesized that AP-2 was playing an indirect role in increasing APP promoter activity. In Bourbonniere's work, AP-2 binding was analyzed at position −222 to −195 at the 5′ end of the APP gene by electromobility shift assay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A specific member of this family, AP-2α, has been postulated to play an important role in the activation of known oncogenes and carcinogenesis (Leask, Byrne et al 1991;Oyama, Takahashi et al 2002). Analysis of a region upstream to the rat APP gene showed a number of potential AP-2 binding sites (Chernak 1993). These potential regulatory sites were present in corresponding human sequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AP-2 participates in the transcriptional control of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Provenzano

Hitchler

et al. 2007

Experimental and Molecular Pathology

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Amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been implicated in squamous cell carcinoma. In this study we show that forced expression of the transcription factor activating protein 2α (AP-2α) results in significantly increased steady state levels of APP mRNA in human keratinocytes. Sequence analysis of the 5′ end of the human APP gene revealed five putative binding sites for AP-2, suggesting that APP is a direct target for transactivation by AP-2. AP-2 protein bound at least 3 of these putative promoter elements in vitro as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis showed that these binding sites were occupied by AP-2 in cells, thus indicating the relevance to AP-2 binding in vivo. We then analyzed APP and AP-2 mRNA and protein expression in squamous cell carcinoma tumor samples. Analysis of RNA extracted from human tissue showed a significant positive correlation between AP-2α and APP mRNA expression. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor samples also demonstrated a positive correlation which was substantiated through western blot studies. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a role for the transcription factor AP-2α in the regulation of APP gene expression in human keratinocytes.

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“…The 5′ upstream regulatory region of APP has been cloned and sequenced in rats and humans [31,32]. Rat APP has 97% homology to human APP, making it an excellent experimental animal to investigate the functions of APP [15,33].…”

Section: Molecular Biology Of Appmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Functions of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Gene and Its Derivative Peptides: I Molecular Biology and Metabolic Processing

Panegyres¹,

Atkins²

2011

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Structural features of the 5′ upstream regulatory region of the gene encoding rat amyloid precursor protein

Cited by 30 publications

References 20 publications

The Zinc Finger Protein CTCF Binds to the APBβ Domain of the Amyloid β-Protein Precursor Promoter

The Zinc Finger Protein CTCF Binds to the APBβ Domain of the Amyloid β-Protein Precursor Promoter

AP-2 participates in the transcriptional control of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma

The Functions of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Gene and Its Derivative Peptides: I Molecular Biology and Metabolic Processing

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