Structural features of nucleoli in blood, leukemic, lymphoma and myeloma cells

Abstract

SUMMARYAt present, it seems clear that the nucleolus is multifunctional and represents one of the key cell organelles that participate directly or indirectly in cell resting, proliferation, differentiation and maturation states, and possibly also in programmed cell death. Thus, the morphology and cytochemistry of nucleoli may represent a very useful tool not only for the evaluation of nucleolar biosynthetic activities but also for the evaluation of various cell states under physiological, experimental and pathological conditions. INTRODUCTORY REMARKSNucleoli in "normal" as well as in pathological blood cells have been a subject of a great interest to cytologists, hematologists and pathologists for a long time before nucleolar function was, at least partially, clarified. For cytologists, blood cells represented a very convenient model for studies of the nucleolus in the course of cell differentiation, maturation and aging. For hematologists and pathologists, nucleoli were a very useful tool to evaluate the abnormality of blood cells which might contribute to the elucidation of the pathogenesis of blood disorders, including malignant ones. In oncology, the morphology of nucleoli, such as size, shape and

Heterochromatin condensation in central and peripheral nuclear regions of maturing lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients suffering from B chronic lymphocytic leukemia – a cytochemical study

“…The large incidence of cells with the increased nuclear size and intranucleolar distribution of silver stained nucleolar proteins might indicate that such cells are in the early G1 phase of the cell cycle, i.e. in the ready state for activation and proliferation [31,32]. Thus, the reduced nuclear size of lymphocytes after the therapy might reflect its effect and increased incidence of resting cells in the G0 of the cell cycle that is characterized by a small size.…”

Biotest as an Evaluation Method for the Quality of Drinking Water

“…This relationship can be easily explained by the fact that the nucleolus is the place of synthesis of molecules of ribosomal RNA and formation of preribosomal particles [72,171]. In addition to the synthesis of ribosomes, the nucleolus of a eukaryotic cell takes part in a multitude of other processes of genetic expression, which was reflected in the conception of the multifunction nucleolus [172]. The quantitative characteristics of nucleoli and nucleolus-forming areas can serve as useful prognostic and diagnostic indicators of various cancers [100,101,103].…”

To the nucleolar bodies (nucleoli) in cells of the lymphocytic lineage in patients suffering from B – chronic lymphocytic leukemia

“…Such nucleoli are known to be convenient markers of proliferating cells [5,22] and contain multiple small-unstained areas corresponding to AgNORs that represent nucleolar fibrillar centers (Fig. 2a, ref.…”

“…In addition, the morphology of differentiating and maturing lymphocytes is well known and each stage is characterized by the nucleolar size as well as nucleolar RNA distribution that reflect the incidence of various nucleolar types [e.g. 1,5,11,12,[18][19][20][21], but mostly without quantitative data on the nucleolar and cytoplasmic RNA concentration [10,11,12,21,22]. It should be also mentioned that any information on quantitative changes of the RNA concentration in nucleoli and cytoplasm of various differentiation stages of lymphocytes at the single cell level might be a very useful tool for understanding studied blood disorders…”