Structural evolution of the Eastern Anatolian Basins: an example from collisional to postcollisional tectonic processes, Turkey

Yılmaz, Ali Osman; Yılmaz, Hüseyin

doi:10.3906/yer-1805-20

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This timing was previously considered for the initiation of the surface uplift over the entire plateau (Şengör & Kidd, ; Şaroğlu & Yılmaz, ; Şengör et al, , ). Nevertheless, the stratigraphic correlations across the Eastern Anatolia, Oltu‐Balkaya, Kağızman‐Tuzluca, Tekman‐Karayazı, and Muş basins offer the interpretation that deposition of continental sediments (e.g., gypsum, fluvial and lacustrine clastic rocks, amalgamated with pyroclastics) began in Late Oligocene‐Early Miocene in the north, and this progressively migrated to the south during the Middle Miocene (Serravalian) (Sancay et al, ; Yılmaz & Yılmaz, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Wavelength Progressive Plateau Uplift in Eastern Anatolia Since 20 Ma: Implications for the Role of Slab Peel‐Back and Break‐Off

Memiş

Gogus

Uluocak

et al. 2020

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Stratigraphic evidence is used to interpret that the East Anatolian Plateau with 2 km average elevation today was below sea level ~20 Ma and uplift began in the northern part. The presence of voluminous volcanic rocks/melt production across the plateau—younging to the south—corroborates geophysical interpretations (e.g., high heat flow and lower seismic velocities) that suggest progressive removal of the slab subducting under the Pontides. Here, we conduct numerical experiments that investigate the change in the surface uplift as a response to slab peel‐back and potential break‐off processes under subduction‐accretionary complexes as well as continental lithosphere. Model results show similar types of tectonic behavior and magnitudes of uplift‐subsidence in both oceanic and continental removal processes, and they satisfactorily explain 1.5 km of plateau rise and a ~280 km wide asthenospheric upwelling zone beneath Eastern Anatolia over 18 Myr timescale. Parametric investigation for varying plate strength and convergence velocities show that such model parameters control the amount of surface uplift (1 to 3 km), the width of the asthenospheric upwelling zone, and the potential timing/depth of break‐off of the steepening/peeling slab. Experiments show that slab break‐off develops during the terminal phase, which may correspond to only a few million years ago. Therefore, the long wavelength plateau uplift and magmatism over the Eastern Anatolian‐Lesser Caucasus region since 20 Ma is controlled by progressive slab peel‐back and resulting mantle dynamics. The slab break‐off process (if it happened) has yet an indiscernible role.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Wavelength Progressive Plateau Uplift in Eastern Anatolia Since 20 Ma: Implications for the Role of Slab Peel‐Back and Break‐Off

Memiş

Gogus

Uluocak

et al. 2020

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…The ~2 km high Turkish‐Iranian plateau, which dominates the modern topographic expression of most of southeastern Turkey (East Anatolian Plateau, EAP) and northwestern Iran (Figure 1), experienced uplift during Serravallian times (~12 Ma) and onward based on the transition from marine to nonmarine basin deposits (Dewey et al, 1986; Gelati, 1975; Yilmaz & Yilmaz, 2019). This is supported by apatite fission track (AFT) along the Bitlis suture with Arabia recording exhumation between 18–13 Ma (Okay et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Miocene Deformation Kinematics Along the NW Zagros Fold‐Thrust Belt, Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Constraints From Apatite (U‐Th)/He Thermochronometry and Balanced Cross Sections

et al. 2020

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Apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) thermochronometric results are integrated with geologic cross sections, structural relationships, and stratigraphic data to reconstruct the growth of the NW Zagros orogenic belt in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Prolonged exhumation is documented across the belt with deformation advances and retreats from~14 Ma onward. After in-sequence propagation of deformation during middle to late Miocene times, preserved growth strata and AHe data show a deformation retreat by latest Miocene time (~5 Ma). In the NW Zagros, the Phanerozoic succession contains two principal décollements in Lower Triassic and middle Miocene units. The Triassic strata are interpreted as the main décollement for a thinskinned system that was dominant during most of the Cenozoic. By~8-5 Ma, the fold-thrust belt shifted to basement-involved deformation in association with growth of the mountain front flexure and reactivation of frontal structures. The shift from thinskinned to a hybrid thin-and thickskinned mode of shortening may reflect variations in the mechanical behavior of the upper crust and the presence of inherited basement discontinuities. On the basis of two NE-SW balanced cross sections spanning the NW Zagros, the estimated total minimum horizontal shortening is~18.2 km (6%) in the central and~16 km (7%) in the southern sectors of the Kurdistan region of Iraq. These findings suggest that the evolution of the NW Zagros orogenic belt was likely driven by the mechanical stratigraphy of the sedimentary cover, inherited basement discontinuities, and the dynamic and thermomechanical effects of potential slab breakoff and lithospheric mantle delamination events.

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“…Structural, thermochronologic, and stratigraphic evidence of a regional middle Eocene unconformity suggests that crustal thickening and exhumation initiated as early as ~50-45 Ma and certainly by ca. 40-35 Ma in the eastern Tauride block (Hempton, 1985(Hempton, , 1987Yılmaz, 1993;Kaymakci et al, 2010;Rolland et al, 2012;Robertson et al, 2013;Yılmaz and Yılmaz, 2019). Published geologic maps suggest that contractional structures in the eastern Taurides are predominantly south-dipping, north-vergent thrust and reverse faults (Yılmaz et al, 1991(Yılmaz et al, , 1994.…”

Section: Middle Eocene To Oligocene (45-25 Ma)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anatolia hosts numerous sedimentary basins that provide crucial records of orogenic evolution, most of which contain thick Cenozoic sequences that have been well studied and correlated from a stratigraphic perspective (e.g., Görür et al, 1984Görür et al, , 1998Hempton, 1985;Yılmaz, 1993;Gürer and Aldanmaz, 2002;Boulton, 2009;Kaymakci et al, 2009;Rice et al, 2009;Booth et al, 2013). However, there is still significant uncertainty in the tectonic settings of many of these basins (Görür et al, 1998;Gürer and Aldanmaz, 2002;Yılmaz and Yılmaz, 2019). Moreover, the timing and mechanism(s) responsible for widespread deformation, particularly in Central and Eastern Anatolia, are debated and not well understood (e.g., Dirik et al, 1999;Clark and Robertson, 2002;Yılmaz andYılmaz, 2006, 2019;Kaymakci et al, 2010;Okay et al, 2010;Ballato et al, 2018;Darin et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and kinematic evolution of the Southern Sivas Fold-Thrust Belt, Sivas Basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey

Darin

Umhoefer²

2019

Turkish J Earth Sci

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The architecture, kinematics, and timing of fold-and-thrust belt development provide essential first-order constraints on the structural evolution of continental collision zones. The southern Sivas fold-thrust belt (SSFTB) is a ~300 × 50-km-long, ENEtrending contractional belt located in the Sivas Basin at the western end of the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone, and along the İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan and Inner Tauride suture zones. We present new geologic mapping and the first detailed structural characterization and seismotectonic evidence of active deformation along the western and central segments of the SSFTB that provide new insights into the timing and kinematics of deformation associated with collision and escape in Central Anatolia. The SSFTB is a dominantly north-vergent contractional belt that initiated during the late Eocene and experienced several punctuated episodes of shortening and exhumation, primarily during the late Oligocene and late Miocene. Structural mapping and balanced cross-sections reveal that minimum cumulative shortening increases from west (29%) to east (34%) along the belt, along with a gradual eastward increase in fold asymmetry and a progressive transition from fold-related to overturned fold-and-thrust-related shortening. The kinematics of the central and eastern SSFTB changed from north-vergent thrusting during the late Eocene and Oligocene to predominantly south-vergent during the Miocene. Contraction in the SSFTB ended by ~7-6 Ma and was followed by a switch to distributed and kinematically linked sinistral strike-slip and normal faulting along the northeastern segment of the Central Anatolian fault zone. Offset strain markers suggest a total of at least 1.7-2.4 km of left-lateral slip on the Deliler fault and ~940 m of normal slip on the Hınzır fault. The latest Miocene to Pliocene switch to intraplate strike-slip deformation marks a regional transition to westward tectonic escape of the Anatolian microplate.

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Structural evolution of the Eastern Anatolian Basins: an example from collisional to postcollisional tectonic processes, Turkey

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Long Wavelength Progressive Plateau Uplift in Eastern Anatolia Since 20 Ma: Implications for the Role of Slab Peel‐Back and Break‐Off

Long Wavelength Progressive Plateau Uplift in Eastern Anatolia Since 20 Ma: Implications for the Role of Slab Peel‐Back and Break‐Off

Late Miocene Deformation Kinematics Along the NW Zagros Fold‐Thrust Belt, Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Constraints From Apatite (U‐Th)/He Thermochronometry and Balanced Cross Sections

Structure and kinematic evolution of the Southern Sivas Fold-Thrust Belt, Sivas Basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey

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