Structural Evolution and Sustainability of Agricultural Trade between China and Countries along the “Belt and Road”

Abstract

Enhancing trade in agricultural products between China and countries along the “Belt and Road” (B&R) will help strengthen China’s food security and promote global, sustainable economic development. Based on the agricultural trade data between China and B&R countries from 2001 to 2019, we used the TII index, the HHI index, and the social network analysis method to calculate the trade structure of agricultural products between China and B&R countries, in terms of plane structure and spatial network structure, and analyzed the influencing factors of their spatial network structure. The results show that China’s agricultural trade with B&R countries is highly concentrated in terms of regions and types, the import trade is decentralized, while the export trade is concentrated, and the regions with high trade intensity are mainly concentrated in the countries in close proximity. China’s agricultural trade network with B&R countries has become increasingly close, and China has a significant presence in trade networks. The trade network shows four major segments, and the internal and external trade of each segment has become increasingly close. Water resources, geographical location, transportation, trade agreements, and trade structure are the main influencing factors in the trade network between China and B&R countries. Our findings provide useful insights for informed decision-making in the development of international agricultural sustainable cooperation strategies.

Evolution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Global Dairy Trade

“…This shows that these factors exhibit an increasingly significant role in trade. These research findings corroborate the inferences presented by Ma and He, Zhou and Tong, and Egger and Lasssmann, respectively [38,52,61].…”

“…Consistent with these studies, scholars attach weights to the trade network since they analyze the topology of the trade network and infer that the country's GDP, trade policies, and other factors affect the global trade network [32][33][34]. Presently, complex network analysis methods have been widely used in international trade, focusing on energy and agricultural products [35][36][37][38][39], with relatively less focus on the dairy products' trade network pattern.…”

A Study on Internationalization of Higher Education in Ceramic Art at Jingdezhen Ceramic University

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Diversification of Fresh Asparagus Exports from Perú

“…On the other hand, market diversification, the act of introducing and promoting products or services in multiple geographic markets, is a strategic imperative that can drive a company's growth and global competitiveness (Zhou & Tong, 2022). This process involves careful assessment of market suitability, cultural adaptability, entry and exit barriers, competitive dynamics, regulatory trends, and partnership or acquisition opportunities.…”