Structural equation modeling of associations among combat exposure, PTSD symptom factors, and Global Assessment of Functioning

Miller, Mark W.; Wolf, Erika J.; Martin, Elaine; Kaloupek, Danny G.; Keane, Terence M.

doi:10.1682/jrrd.2007.06.0085

Cited by 36 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A fairly consistent finding from this research is that although all three symptom clusters tend to predict functioning measures in bivariate analyses, numbing symptoms show the strongest associations with poorer outcome, predicting functioning measures beyond the contribution of reexperiencing and hyperarousal symptoms (Lunney & Schnurr, 2007;Miller, Wolf, Martin, Kaloupek, & Keane, 2008;Riggs, Byrne, Weathers, & Litz, 1998;Ruscio, Weathers, King, & King, 2002;Samper et al, 2004;Schnurr & Lunney, 2008). Despite the value of these findings, all of the studies of veteran samples examining functional impairment and PTSD symptoms have been conducted many years after the trauma.…”

supporting

confidence: 60%

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and functional impairment among OEF and OIF National Guard and Reserve veterans

Shea

Vujanovic

Mansfield

et al. 2010

Journal of Traumatic Stress

130

102

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The aims of the present investigation were (a) to examine associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; diagnosis and symptoms) and different aspects of functioning, severity, and subjective distress among Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom National Guard and Reserve veterans, and (b) to examine the unique contribution of PTSD symptom clusters to different aspects of functioning and distress. Participants were 124 veterans who had returned from war-zone deployment. A PTSD diagnosis and PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with nearly all of the psychosocial functioning and distress measures, controlling for Axis I disorders and other covariates. Of the PTSD symptom clusters, numbing/avoidance symptoms were the strongest predictors of interpersonal and social functioning, and hyperarousal symptoms were the strongest predictors of overall severity and distress.

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supporting

confidence: 60%

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and functional impairment among OEF and OIF National Guard and Reserve veterans

Shea

Vujanovic

Mansfield

et al. 2010

Journal of Traumatic Stress

130

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus while re-experiencing symptoms may be critical as indicators of PTSD, they do not appear to play as important a role as the other symptom clusters in the life impact of PTSD. Consistent with prior studies (e.g., Lunney & Schnurr, 2007;Miller et al, 2008), the symptom cluster of numbing / avoidance was significantly associated with higher global severity (month 1) and with less satisfaction with life (month 6), although not uniquely associated with subjective distress. In addition, numbing / avoidance symptoms were uniquely predictive of several indices of interpersonal functioning, including two measures of global social impairment (CAPS item and the LIFE scale), and relationships with friends.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Re-experiencing symptoms, as in previous studies (e.g., Lunney & Schnurr, 2007;Miller et al, 2008), were not uniquely associated with any measures of impairment or distress. Thus while re-experiencing symptoms may be critical as indicators of PTSD, they do not appear to play as important a role as the other symptom clusters in the life impact of PTSD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…PTSD numbing and avoidance symptoms have been related to lower Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAFS) scores (Miller, Wolf, Martin, Kaloupek, & Keane, 2008). Furthermore, PTSD hyperarousal symptoms have been linked to greater aggressive tendencies among male Vietnam veterans (Taft et al, 2007) as well as negative health outcomes among female Vietnam veterans (Kimerling, Clum, & Wolfe, 2000).…”

Section: Estimates Of Lifetime Ptsd Among Male Vietnam Veterans From mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Risk Factors for Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Shea¹

2009

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From -To) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER E-Mail:5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER The primary research aims are to examine the early longitudinal course of PTSD symptoms and test hypotheses regarding risk factors for chronic PTSD in military personnel returning from Iraq or Afghanistan. To date, 238 subjects have completed baseline interviews; 6, 12, and 24 month interviews have been completed for 177, 131, and 62 participants respectively. Data processing is continuing. Of 179 participants with processed data, 13% met full criteria for PTSD; 40% reported 3 or more symptoms of PTSD at month one postdeployment. Symptoms of hyperarousal were the most common. Total scores from the Clinician Assessment of PTSD Scale (CAPS) decreased significantly from month one to month 6 post-deployment. 18% had a current diagnosis of a mood disorder, and 9% had current alcohol abuse or dependence. PTSD symptom clusters of numbing / avoidance and hyperarousal were significantly associated with psychosocial impairment, controlling for the presence of other Axis I disorders. Psychosocial variables showing significant associations with PTSD included pre-deployment trauma, severity of warzone trauma exposure, several features of the deployment environment, lower post-deployment social support, and higher post-deployment life stress. Further assessments and data processing will continue over the next 3 months, and data analyses will be conducted to address the specific hypotheses on the fuller sample. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)UPosttraumatic Stress Disorder, mental health, longitudinal research 32 4 Introduction: The purpose of this first phase of longitudinal research is to examine the early longitudinal course of PTSD in military personnel after their return from Iraq or Afghanistan, and to test hypotheses regarding risk factors for chronic PT...

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“…For example, Miller, Wolf, Martin, Kaloupek, and Keane (2008) reported that an increase in combat exposure showed a linear relationship to the severity of PTSD symptoms in their sample of 315 male combat veterans who served predominantly in the Vietnam War. Additionally, Hoge et al (2004) described a linear relationship between the number of firefights in which a soldier had been engaged and the prevalence of PTSD in their sample of OIF/OEF service members.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic Stress in U.S. Marines: The Role of Unit Cohesion and Combat Exposure

Armistead-Jehle

Johnston

Wade

et al. 2011

Jour of Counseling & Develop

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Combat exposure is a consistent predictor of posttraumatic stress (PTS). Understanding factors that might buffer the effects of combat exposure is crucial for helping service members weather the stress of war. In a study of U.S. Marines returning from Iraq, hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that unit cohesion and combat exposure predicted PTS, depression, and anger. Furthermore, results indicated that unit cohesion may be an important buffer, possibly limiting the development of PTS and depression following combat exposure.

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Structural equation modeling of associations among combat exposure, PTSD symptom factors, and Global Assessment of Functioning

Cited by 36 publications

References 33 publications

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and functional impairment among OEF and OIF National Guard and Reserve veterans

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and functional impairment among OEF and OIF National Guard and Reserve veterans

Identification of Risk Factors for Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Posttraumatic Stress in U.S. Marines: The Role of Unit Cohesion and Combat Exposure

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