Structural diversity and fate of intact polar lipids in marine sediments

Lipp, Julius S.; Hinrichs, Kai‐Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.08.003

Cited by 181 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…Analysis of the unoxidized sediment showed the presence of two main intact polar lipid species, MH crenarchaeol and DH crenarchaeol, while no HPH crenarchaeol was detected. This distribution is different from the distribution in cultures, where HPH crenarchaeol is always present Pitcher et al, 2010;Pitcher et al, 2011b;Sinninghe Damsté et al, 2012) but is similar to that of IPLs in deeper marine sediments (Biddle et al, 2006;Lipp and Hinrichs, 2009). The absence of HPH crenarchaeol is probably due to the greater lability of this IPL GDGT, as shown for Arabian Sea sediments, where degradation at the surface occurred within a few cm (Lengger et al, 2012b).…”

Section: Oxic Degradation Of Igdgts CL and Iplmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…For IPL GDGTs, however, the effect of post-depositional oxidation has not yet been examined. Previous studies which observed changes in IPL-GDGT distributions in sediments have almost exclusively attributed this to the incorporation of a signal from in situ produced IPL-GDGTs (Lipp et al, 2008;Lipp and Hinrichs, 2009;Schubotz et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2011). In situ production was suggested by Hoefs et al (2002), who found apparently high preservation efficiency of C 16 and C 18 fatty acids which was attributed, in part, to bacterial in situ production in the sediment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This supposedly rapid loss of functional groups resulted in their use as suitable markers for living cells, in contrast to the core lipids, which can be preserved over geological timescales of millions of years (e.g., Kuypers et al, 2001;Jenkyns et al, 2012). Considerable amounts of IPL GDGTs (10 -10 000 ng g -1 sediment) were found in shallow to deeply buried marine sediments [0.7 to 121 m below sea floor (mbsf)], which suggests the presence of a large number of living archaeal cells (Biddle et al, 2006;Lipp et al, 2008;Lipp and Hinrichs, 2009). However, the degradation rate of certain IPL GDGTs might potentially be lower than that of bacterial phospholipids resulting in preservation of IPL GDGTs over geological time (Harvey et al, 1986;Schouten et al, 2010;Logemann et al, 2011;Lengger et al, 2012b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential degradation of intact polar and core glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids upon post-depositional oxidation

Lengger

Kraaij

Tjallingii

et al. 2013

Organic Geochemistry

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Archaeal and bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids (GDGTs) are used in various proxies, such as TEX 86 and the BIT index. In living cells, GDGTs contain polar head groups (intact polar lipids -IPLs). IPL GDGTs have also been detected in ancient marine sediments and it is unclear whether or not they are fossil entities or are part of living cells. In order to determine the extent of degradation of IPL GDGTs over geological timescales, we analyzed turbidite deposits, which had been partly reoxidized for several kyr after deposition on the Madeira Abyssal Plain. Analysis of core lipid (CL) and IPL-derived GDGTs showed a reduction in concentration by two orders of magnitude upon post-depositional oxidation, while IPL GDGTs with a mono-or dihexose head group decreased by 2-3 orders of magnitude. The BIT index for CL-and IPL-derived GDGTs increased substantially upon oxidation from 0.1 to up to 0.5. Together with changing MBT/ CBT values, this indicates preferential preservation of soil-derived branched GDGTs over marine isoprenoid GDGTs, combined with in situ production of branched GDGTs in the sediment. The TEX 86 value for IPL-derived GDGTs decreased by 0.07 upon oxidation, while that of CL GDGTs showed no significant change. Isolation of IPLs revealed that the TEX 86 value of monohexose GDGTs was 0.55, while the TEX 86 value for dihexose GDGTs was substantially higher, 0.70. Thus, the decrease in TEX 86 for IPL-derived GDGTs was in agreement with the dominance of monohexose GDGTs in the oxidized turbidite, probably caused by a combination of in situ production as well as selective preservation of terrestrial isoprenoid GDGTs. Due to the low amount of IPL GDGTs vs. CL GDGTs, the impact of IPL degradation on CL-based TEX 86 paleotemperature estimates is negligible.

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Section: Oxic Degradation Of Igdgts CL and Iplmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Differential degradation of intact polar and core glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids upon post-depositional oxidation

Lengger

Kraaij

Tjallingii

et al. 2013

Organic Geochemistry

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“…Larger amounts of material were extracted from greater depths than the surface due to the generally lower lipid yields with depth. Lipids were extracted using a modified Bligh-Dyer extraction protocol 65,66 . The total lipid extract was separated into a polar, intact lipid fraction and a non-polar fraction using preparative HPLC with a fraction collector, similar to the methods in Kellermann et al 67 except that only two fractions were collected: polar and apolar.…”

Section: (Hplc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

High rates of anaerobic methane oxidation in freshwater wetlands reduce potential atmospheric methane emissions

et al. 2015

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The role of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in wetlands, the largest natural source of atmospheric methane, is poorly constrained. Here we report rates of microbially mediated AOM (average rate ¼ 20 nmol cm À 3 per day) in three freshwater wetlands that span multiple biogeographical provinces. The observed AOM rates rival those in marine environments. Most AOM activity may have been coupled to sulphate reduction, but other electron acceptors remain feasible. Lipid biomarkers typically associated with anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea were more enriched in 13 C than those characteristic of marine systems, potentially due to distinct microbial metabolic pathways or dilution with heterotrophic isotope signals. On the basis of this extensive data set, AOM in freshwater wetlands may consume 200 Tg methane per year, reducing their potential methane emissions by over 50%. These findings challenge precepts surrounding wetland carbon cycling and demonstrate the environmental relevance of an anaerobic methane sink in ecosystems traditionally considered strong methane sources.

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“…Production of one or more of the GDGTs used for calculation of the TEX 86 by sedimentary Archaea can thus potentially lead to a significant bias in the past sea surface temperature estimations (Lipp et al, 2008;Lipp and Hinrichs, 2009). The presence of GDGTs of subsurface Archaea was evident from detection of intact polar GDGTs (IPL-GDGTs), i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intact polar and core glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether lipids in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone. Part II: Selective preservation and degradation in sediments and consequences for the TEX86

Lengger

Hopmans

Reichart

et al. 2012

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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The TEX 86 is a proxy based on a ratio of pelagic archaeal glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether lipids (GDGTs), and used for estimating past sea water temperatures. Concerns exist that in situ production of GDGTs lipids by sedimentary Archaea may affect its validity. In this study, we investigated the influence of benthic GDGT production on the TEX 86 by analyzing the concentrations and distributions of GDGTs present as intact polar lipids (IPLs) and as core lipids (CLs) in three sediment cores deposited under contrasting redox conditions across a depth range from 900 to 3000 m below sea level in and below the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Direct analysis of IPLs with crenarchaeol as CL via HPLC/ESI-MS 2 revealed that surface sediments in the OMZ were relatively depleted in the phospholipid hexose, phosphohexose (HPH)-crenarchaeol compared to suspended particulate matter from the water column, suggesting preferential and rapid degradation of this IPL. In sediment cores recovered from deeper, more oxic environments, concentrations of HPH-crenarchaeol peaked at the surface, probably due to in situ production by ammonia-oxidizing Archaea, followed by a rapid decrease with increasing depth. No surface maximum was observed in the sediment core from within the OMZ. In contrast, the glycolipids, monohexose-crenarchaeol and dihexose-crenarchaeol, did not change in concentration with depth in the sediment, indicating that they were relatively well preserved and likely mostly derived from fossil pelagic GDGTs. These results suggest that phospholipids are more sensitive to degradation, while glycolipids might be preserved over longer time scales, in line with previous incubation and modeling studies. Furthermore, in situ produced IPL-GDGTs did not accumulate as IPLs, and did not influence the CL-TEX 86 . This suggests that in-situ produced GDGT lipids were more susceptible to degradation than fossil CL and IPL and did not accumulate as CL. In agreement, no significant changes of TEX 86 with sediment depth in the core lipids were observed. However, consistent differences between IPL-derived TEX 86 and CL-TEX 86 were found. These could be explained by a different composition of CL-GDGT of the glyco-and phospholipids, in combination with dissimilar degradation rates of phospholipids vs. glycolipids. We also observed consistent differences in both IPL-derived and CL-TEX 86 between the different cores, equivalent to 3°C when converted to temperature, despite the proximity of the core locations. These differences may potentially be due to a larger addition of GDGTs produced in deeper, colder waters to the (sub)surface-derived GDGTs for the deeper core sites.

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Structural diversity and fate of intact polar lipids in marine sediments

Cited by 181 publications

References 86 publications

Differential degradation of intact polar and core glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids upon post-depositional oxidation

Differential degradation of intact polar and core glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids upon post-depositional oxidation

High rates of anaerobic methane oxidation in freshwater wetlands reduce potential atmospheric methane emissions

Intact polar and core glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether lipids in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone. Part II: Selective preservation and degradation in sediments and consequences for the TEX86

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