Structural core of the executive control network: A high angular resolution diffusion MRI study

Shen, Kaikai; Welton, Thomas; Lyon, Matthew; McCorkindale, Andrew N.; Sutherland, Greg T.; Burnham, Samantha; Fripp, Jürgen; Martins, Ralph N.; Grieve, Stuart M.

doi:10.1002/hbm.24870

Cited by 46 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…A large literature in both children and adults has implicated a greater role for executive functions in bilinguals than monolinguals, in particular due to the switching of and the control between languages in bilinguals (Valian 2015 ; Abutalebi and Green 2016 ). Indeed, such functions have been tied to superior, middle, and inferior frontal regions, the inferior parietal cortex, the precuneus, and the basal ganglia in adults and/or children (Seeley et al 2007 ; Mohades et al 2014 ; Shen et al 2019 ). All of these structures were implicated in the present study, either directly (in cortical grey matter measures) or indirectly (in white matter measures of connecting fibers).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of bilingualism on brain development from early childhood to young adulthood

et al. 2020

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Bilingualism affects the structure of the brain in adults, as evidenced by experience-dependent grey and white matter changes in brain structures implicated in language learning, processing, and control. However, limited evidence exists on how bilingualism may influence brain development. We examined the developmental patterns of both grey and white matter structures in a cross-sectional study of a large sample (n = 711 for grey matter, n = 637 for white matter) of bilingual and monolingual participants, aged 3-21 years. Metrics of grey matter (thickness, volume, and surface area) and white matter (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) were examined across 41 cortical and subcortical brain structures and 20 tracts, respectively. We used generalized additive modelling to analyze whether, how, and where the developmental trajectories of bilinguals and monolinguals might differ. Bilingual and monolingual participants manifested distinct developmental trajectories in both grey and white matter structures. As compared to monolinguals, bilinguals showed: (a) more grey matter (less developmental loss) starting during late childhood and adolescence, mainly in frontal and parietal regions (particularly in the inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis, superior frontal cortex, inferior and superior parietal cortex, and precuneus); and (b) higher white matter integrity (greater developmental increase) starting during mid-late adolescence, specifically in striatal-inferior frontal fibers. The data suggest that there may be a developmental basis to the well-documented structural differences in the brain between bilingual and monolingual adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of bilingualism on brain development from early childhood to young adulthood

et al. 2020

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“…The ECN, a functionally linked system, consists of brain structure cores that include the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), medial frontal cortex, lateral parietal cortex, cerebellum, and supplementary motor area [ 176 ]. Initially, studies investigating executive function using task-based fMRI identified the coactivation patterns of an ECN during executive function tasks [ 177 ].…”

Section: The Executive Control Network (Ecn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, studies investigating executive function using task-based fMRI identified the coactivation patterns of an ECN during executive function tasks [ 177 ]. Beyond task-based fMRI, rs-fMRI studies, and structural MRI studies have also identified an ECN [ 176 , 178 ]. Moreover, a close correlation between executive function changes with aging and alterations in the ECN have been reported [ 179 ].…”

Section: The Executive Control Network (Ecn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk between Depression and Dementia with Resting-State fMRI Studies and Its Relationship with Cognitive Functioning

Kim

2021

Biomedicines

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, and depression is a risk factor for developing AD. Epidemiological studies provide a clinical correlation between late-life depression (LLD) and AD. Depression patients generally remit with no residual symptoms, but LLD patients demonstrate residual cognitive impairment. Due to the lack of effective treatments, understanding how risk factors affect the course of AD is essential to manage AD. Advances in neuroimaging, including resting-state functional MRI (fMRI), have been used to address neural systems that contribute to clinical symptoms and functional changes across various psychiatric disorders. Resting-state fMRI studies have contributed to understanding each of the two diseases, but the link between LLD and AD has not been fully elucidated. This review focuses on three crucial and well-established networks in AD and LLD and discusses the impacts on cognitive decline, clinical symptoms, and prognosis. Three networks are the (1) default mode network, (2) executive control network, and (3) salience network. The multiple properties emphasized here, relevant for the hypothesis of the linkage between LLD and AD, will be further developed by ongoing future studies.

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“…A large literature has implicated a greater role for executive functions in bilinguals than monolinguals, in particular due to the switching of, and controlling between, languages in bilinguals (Abutalebi & Green, 2016). Indeed, such functions have been tied to superior, middle, and inferior frontal regions, inferior parietal cortex, and the basal ganglia (Seeley et al, 2007;Shen et al, 2019), all of which were implicated in the present study, as effects either involving cortical gray matter or connecting fibers. Thus, the observed bilingual/monolingual differences in developmental trajectories may be at least partly explained by group differences in executive function as well as dorsal stream function and procedural memory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

The effect of bilingualism on brain development from early childhood to young adulthood

Pliatsikas¹,

Meteyard²,

Veríssimo³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Bilingualism affects the structure of the brain in adults. This is indicated by experience-dependent gray and white matter changes in brain structures implicated in language learning, processing, or control. However, limited evidence exists on how bilingualism may influence brain development. We examined the developmental trajectories of both grey and white matter structures in a cross-sectional study of a large sample (N=711 for grey matter, N=637 for white matter) of bilingual and monolingual participants, aged 3-21 years. Metrics of grey matter (thickness, volume, surface area) and white matter (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity) were examined across 41 cortical and subcortical brain structures and 20 tracts, respectively. We used generalised additive modelling to analyse whether, how, and where the developmental trajectories of bilinguals and monolinguals might differ. Bilingual and monolingual participants manifested distinct developmental trajectories in both gray and white matter structures. As compared to monolinguals, bilinguals showed: a) more gray matter (less developmental loss) starting during late childhood and adolescence, mainly in frontal and parietal regions (particularly in inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis, superior frontal cortex, inferior and superior parietal cortex, and the precuneus); and b) higher white matter integrity (greater developmental increase) starting during mid-late adolescence, specifically in striatal-inferior frontal fibers. The data suggest that there may be a developmental basis to the well-documented structural differences in the brain between bilingual and monolingual adults. Highlights• Bilingual/monolingual brain differences are clear in adults but not in development • We examined bilingual/monolingual brain development in a large sample, aged 3-21 • The results revealed that during development bilinguals (vs. monolinguals) show: • a) reduced cortical gray matter loss, especially in frontal and parietal regions • b) greater white matter integrity in striatal-inferior frontal fibers Keywords Bilingualism, brain development, grey matter, white matter, generalised additive models

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Structural core of the executive control network: A high angular resolution diffusion MRI study

Cited by 46 publications

References 65 publications

The effect of bilingualism on brain development from early childhood to young adulthood

The effect of bilingualism on brain development from early childhood to young adulthood

Crosstalk between Depression and Dementia with Resting-State fMRI Studies and Its Relationship with Cognitive Functioning

The effect of bilingualism on brain development from early childhood to young adulthood

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